Linear growth bound for integrable observables

In a probability measure-preserving system, $f\in L^1$ implies $f(T^{n}x)/n\to 0$ almost everywhere. For every $\epsilon >0$, the tail integral formula for moments gives ${\sum }_{n\ge 1}\mu (|f|>\epsilon n)\le \Vert f{\Vert }_1/\epsilon$. Invariance and the Borel-Cantelli lemma finish the proof. Consequently division by $n^a$ also gives zero for every $a\ge 1$.

For every $0<a<1$, choose $1<p<1/a$. On the Bernoulli shift over independent uniform coordinates in $(0,1)$, the observable $f(x)=x_0^{-1/p}$ is integrable, but $\mu (f(T^{n}x)>n^a)=n^{-ap}$. The events are independent and their probabilities have divergent sum, so the Borel-Cantelli lemma implies that $f(T^{n}x)/n^a>1$ infinitely often almost surely. No exponent below one gives a universal bound for all integrable observables.