An experimental condensed matter physicist who coauthored the observation of quantized Hall resistance in a two-dimensional electron gas. A silicon transistor supplied the confined carriers; Hall-voltage measurements revealed plateaus insensitive to device geometry. The integer quantum Hall effect therefore connected an electronic transport experiment to precision determination of fundamental constants.[ref]
New Method for High-Accuracy Determination of the Fine-Structure Constant Based on Quantized Hall Resistance by Klaus von Klitzing and others. Byline and abstract: silicon transistor, fixed Hall-resistance values and geometry independence
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Michael Pepper could refer to a few different people or concepts, depending on the context. However, one prominent figure is Michael Pepper, a well-known physicist and professor known for his research in areas such as nanotechnology and quantum electronics. He has contributed significantly to the fields of condensed matter physics and semiconductor technology.