Placing dopants away from the carrier channel to reduce ionized-impurity scattering while supplying carriers.
A two-dimensional electron gas supplied by remote donors in aluminium gallium arsenide and confined on the gallium arsenide side of a heterojunction. An undoped spacer separates ionized donors from mobile carriers, reducing impurity scattering. A conduction-band band offset and self-consistent band bending create the confinement well.
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