Neuropsychology

Study of relations between brain function and cognition or behaviour, including patterns of impairment and preservation after brain lesions.

A person whose participation in research on neurological function provides evidence about cognition or brain mechanisms. Case studies may be published under initials or patient codes.

The published patient code in classic investigations of severe auditory-verbal short-term impairment with relatively preserved performance on several long-term verbal-learning tasks. The published initials are retained here.

The research participant originally reported as H.M. Studies after bilateral medial temporal lobe surgery provided evidence for distinctions among immediate retention, new declarative learning and skill learning.

A pathological impairment of memory. Specify the affected time period, task and process rather than assuming loss of all forms of learning or all prior knowledge.

Memory impairment associated with diencephalic damage, including thalamic or mammillary pathways. Connected cortical dysfunction and accompanying pathology complicate precise localization.

A severe amnesic syndrome associated with thiamine deficiency, often but not exclusively in the context of alcohol misuse. Its eponym refers to Sergei Korsakoff. Co-occurring damage varies across patients, making comparison with non-amnesic pathological controls valuable.

Loss or impaired retrieval of information acquired before onset of the condition. Its temporal extent and detail can differ from deficits in new learning.

Impaired formation or retention of new memories after onset of the condition, distinct from a general loss of sensory perception or intelligence.

Two interventions or patient groups show opposite relative impairments on two tasks. This constrains a simple account based only on general task difficulty, but does not prove that the underlying neural circuits are independent: task sensitivity, lesion extent and alternative strategies still matter.

Suppose performances on fixed tasks $A$ and $B$ are $f_A(r)$ and $f_B(r)$, where both functions are nondecreasing in the same scalar resource $r$. If patient $P$ performs strictly better than $Q$ on $A$, then $r_P>r_Q$: the reverse ordering would contradict monotonicity. If $Q$ performs strictly better on $B$, the same argument gives $r_Q>r_P$, a contradiction. Thus a genuine crossover rejects this single-resource model.

The conclusion depends on the fixed mappings and task comparability. It does not prove isolated anatomical stores, and it need not apply when patients differ in strategy, sensory access or other task parameters.

Researcher whose work includes Computer-assisted intervention for children with low numeracy skills by Pekka Räsänen and others.

A neuropsychologist whose work includes declarative memory and amnesia.^[ref]

A developmental neuropsychologist investigating language difficulties and their assessment.^[ref]

A researcher in cognitive neuropsychology whose work tested nonverbal semantic impairment in semantic dementia.

A neuropsychologist whose studies of frontal injury compare executive-task deficits with fluid intelligence and less structured behavioral demands.

A neuropsychologist whose work investigated optic ataxia and the visuomotor consequences of parietal brain lesions.

A neuropsychologist whose studies of imagined space and awareness of neurological deficits helped distinguish spatial inattention from elementary visual loss and from awareness of incapacity.

A neuropsychologist whose work uses selective deficits and experimental tasks to study human memory and cognitive control.

A neuropsychologist whose patient studies investigated human memory and recognition, including selective auditory-verbal short-term impairment.

Studies fear and interoceptive processes, including rare amygdala-lesion cases.

Researcher contributing to neuropsychology.^[ref]

Researcher contributing to neuropsychology.^[ref]