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For a group action of a finite group $G$ on a set and a point $x$, the orbit-stabilizer theorem iswhere $G_x=\{g:gx=x\}$ is the stabilizer subgroup. The map $g{G}_x\mapsto gx$ is well defined because elements of the same coset act identically on $x$. If $gx=hx$, then $h^{-1}g\in G_x$, so their cosets agree; every orbit point has the form $gx$, giving surjectivity. This is a bijection. Lagrange's theorem, $|G|=[G:H]|H|$ for any subgroup $H$, yields the counting formula.

Apply the conjugation action of the finite p-group $G$ to its nontrivial normal subgroup $N$. Normality ensures the action stays inside $N$. The singleton orbits of a group action are exactly the elements of $N\cap Z(G)$. Every larger orbit of a group action has size a positive power of $p$, by the orbit-stabilizer theorem and Lagrange's theorem. ThereforeSince $N$ is nontrivial, its order is divisible by $p$. The intersection contains the identity and has cardinality a positive multiple of $p$, so it contains a nonidentity element. This proves the central intersection property of normal subgroups of finite p-groups.

For the proper subgroup $H$, let $H$ act by left multiplication on the left cosets $G/H$. A coset $gH$ is fixed by every $h\in H$ exactly when $g^{-1}Hg\subseteq H$. Both groups have the same finite size, so this inclusion is equality; the fixed cosets are precisely those with $g\in N_G(H)$. Hence their number is $[N_G(H):H]$. All non-singleton orbits of a group action have size divisible by $p$, soSince $H$ is proper, $[G:H]$ is a positive power of $p$ greater than one. The fixed-coset count is nonzero, because $H$ itself is fixed, and is divisible by $p$. Therefore the normalizer strictly contains $H$:This is the normalizer condition for finite p-groups. The proof also covers $H=\{1\}$, whose action fixes all cosets.

The Sylow theorems state that if a finite group has order $|G|=p^{a}m$ with $p$ prime and $p\nmid m$, it has a subgroup of order $p^a$, called a Sylow subgroup. Every p-group subgroup is contained in a Sylow subgroup, and all Sylow subgroups for the same prime are conjugate subgroups. Their number satisfiesMore precisely $n_p=[G:N_G(P)]$ for a Sylow subgroup $P$, where $N_G(P)$ is its normalizer.

The normalizer of $P$ in $G$ isIt is the stabilizer of the subgroup $P$ under the conjugation action of $G$ on its subgroups.

The decomposition matrix separates into two connected components. The first contains ${\varphi }_1,{\varphi }_2$ and ${\chi }_1,{\chi }_{3A},{\chi }_{3B},{\chi }_4$; it is the principal block $B_0$. The second contains only ${\varphi }_3$ and ${\chi }_5$; since ${\varphi }_3(1)=5$ contains the full 5-part of $|A_5|=60$, this is a defect-zero representation and its block $B_1$ has defect group $1$.

For $D=1$, the normalizer is $N_G(1)=G$, so the Brauer correspondence is the identity and $B_1$ corresponds to itself.

The defect group of the principal block is a Sylow 5-subgroup $P\cong C_5$. There are six Sylow 5-subgroups in $A_5$, so the orbit-stabilizer theorem givesThe centralizer of a 5-cycle in $A_5$ is $P$, and an involution in the normalizer acts on $P$ by inversion. HenceIn characteristic five the simple $kN$-modules are inflated from $N/P\cong C_2$: their Brauer characters are ${\psi }_{+}=(1,1)$ and ${\psi }_{-}=(1,-1)$ on the identity and involution classes. If $1,\epsilon ,{\rho }_1,{\rho }_2$ are the two one-dimensional and two two-dimensional ordinary characters of $D_{10}$, their reductions areThe resulting decomposition matrix is connected, so these characters form the unique 5-block $b_0$ of $N$, with defect group $P$. By the Brauer first main theorem,This is the complete 5-modular blocks of A5 correspondence.

A Sylow subgroup of a finite group $G$ is a subgroup whose order is the largest power of a prime $p$ dividing $|G|$. The Sylow theorems say that such subgroups exist, that every $p$-subgroup lies in one, that all Sylow $p$-subgroups are conjugate, and that their number $n_p$ divides $|G|/p^a$ and obeys $n_p\equiv 1(\mathrm{mod}p)$.

For the last congruence, let one Sylow $p$-subgroup $P$ act by conjugation on the set of all Sylow $p$-subgroups. Every orbit other than a fixed point has size divisible by $p$. If $Q$ is fixed, then $P,Q\le N_G(Q)$. They are Sylow subgroups of this normalizer, so they are conjugate within $N_G(Q)$; because every element of $N_G(Q)$ fixes $Q$ under conjugation, this forces $P=Q$. Thus there is exactly one fixed point and $n_p\equiv 1(\mathrm{mod}p)$.

Now let $H<A_n$ have index $m$ with $1<m<n$. The coset action gives a homomorphismIts kernel is a normal subgroup of the simple group $A_n$. It cannot be all of $A_n$, since the action is transitive and nontrivial, so it is trivial. This would embed $A_n$ into $S_m$, contrary to $|A_n|=n!/2>m!=|S_m|$. Hence no such subgroup exists.

Suppose finally that a group $G$ of order $90$ were simple. The Sylow count satisfiesand simplicity excludes $n_5=1$, so $n_5=6$. Conjugation on these six subgroups gives a nontrivial homomorphism $G\to S_6$, which simplicity makes injective. Its image lies in $A_6$, because the composite with the sign homomorphism $S_6\to \{\pm 1\}$ must be trivial. It would therefore be a subgroup of $A_6$ of index $360/90=4$, contradicting the result just proved. Thus