The bony-vertebrate lineage including ray-finned vertebrates and Sarcopterygii; descendants remain members even after extensive modification of their ancestral skeleton.
A ray-finned vertebrate whose skin expression of enamel-matrix genes contributes to comparisons of enamel and ganoine evolution.
A fossil bony vertebrate whose dermal odontodes preserve enamel despite teeth without an enamel coating, important for separating tissue origin from oral deployment.
In crown-based usage, the clade comprising the most recent common ancestor of living coelacanths, lungfish and tetrapods, and all its descendants. Lobed, internally supported paired appendages provide a traditional diagnostic character; inherited organization can persist despite conversion of fins into limbs.
A finned Devonian relative of digit-bearing vertebrates. Its pectoral skeleton combines retained fin rays with jointed internal structures relevant to limb evolution.
A member of the coelacanth lineage of sarcopterygians. Living representatives are specialized descendants, not unchanged ancestral fish.
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