Study of ancient magnetic fields recorded in rocks. Correlation to geomagnetic polarity chronology can constrain the age of archaeological and fossil-bearing strata.
magnetization retained as magnetic minerals cool through blocking temperatures in an ambient field. Subsequent alteration, reheating and remagnetization can change the record.
A measured magnetic field component or magnitude after subtraction of a reference field. Source geometry, magnetization direction and observation height affect its sign and amplitude; an anomaly is not a direct map of rock polarity.
A lineated pattern associated with differently magnetized crust formed at a spreading ridge during changes of field polarity. The age-distance relation is set by spreading, while the measured anomaly is a spatially filtered field of the magnetized material.

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