For two equivalent electrons, antisymmetry permitsTheir states exhaust . Hund's rules first maximize spin, then orbital angular momentum; the less-than-half-filled shell puts the smallest lowest. Hence the ground level is . This is the allowed LS terms of a p-squared configuration.[ref]
Energy Levels of Neutral Carbon by National Institute of Standards and Technology. Ground configuration2s²2p² and its³P,¹D,¹S levels
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