Past exam of the chemistry A course of the University of Cambridge / 2025 / Paper 1 / A4 / c

The C=O length is invariant under every operation, so its stretch is $A_1$. If $s_L,s_R$ are the two C–H bond-length changes, their sum and difference giveHence $\boxed{{\Gamma }_{\mathrm{stretch}}=2A_1+B_1}$. These are stretching symmetry coordinates; the two $A_1$ motions can mix in actual normal modes, and mass-weighted atomic motions need not have the schematic arrow lengths below.

There are three stretching fundamentals, although four stretching-region features are listed. The low feature at $1746\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ is predominantly C=O stretch ($A_1$). The two features at $2783$ and $2843\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ are the symmetric and antisymmetric C–H stretches; their order is not determined by this mode count alone.

The $3482\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ feature is consistent with the first C=O vibrational overtone, close to $2(1746)=3492\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1}$ and shifted downward by anharmonicity. Its symmetry is $A_1\otimes A_1=A_1$, so symmetry permits the weak anharmonic transition. It is not a fourth stretching fundamental. The combination-band evidence in the next part distinguishes the two C–H assignments.