Integrate the radial equilibrium equation across the thickness, retaining the integral rather than evaluating its antiderivative. The traction conditions give . Hence must satisfyAll endpoints and coefficients here depend only on and the specified material and reference geometry. This is the required implicit pressure–radius relation for inflation and extension of an incompressible tube with unit axial stretch. In particular gives zero integrand and . Once an admissible root is selected, the radial stress follows by integrating from the outer face, , and the remaining stress components follow from the constitutive equation.
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