Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2016 / ib / Paper 2 / 12G / a

A norm on a real or complex vector space $V$ is a function $\Vert \cdot \Vert :V\to [0,\infty )$ with $\Vert v\Vert =0$ exactly when $v=0$, $\Vert \lambda v\Vert =|\lambda |\Vert v\Vert$, and the triangle inequality $\Vert v+w\Vert \le \Vert v\Vert +\Vert w\Vert$. These are positivity, absolute homogeneity and the triangle inequality.