Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2017 / ii / Paper 2 / 5J / b / Solution

The orthogonal projections of the Gaussian noise onto the column space of $X$ and its orthogonal complement are independent. Consequently ${\hat{\beta }}_0$ and the residual sum of squares are independent, andThus under the alternative,This is the noncentral t-distribution. The rejection region is fixed by the design, $\nu$ and the chosen level, while this probability distribution depends on $\beta$ only through ${\beta }_0$. Therefore the statistical power does not depend on the other regression coefficients, with the design and $\sigma$ fixed.