Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2019 / ib / Paper 4 / 12E / a

Let $(x_n)$ be a Cauchy sequence in a compact metric space $X$. By sequential compactness of a compact metric space, it has a convergent subsequence $x_{n_j}\to x\in X$. Given $\epsilon >0$, choose $N$ such that $d(x_m,x_n)<\epsilon /2$ whenever $m,n\ge N$, and then choose $j$ such that $n_j\ge N$ and $d(x_{n_j},x)<\epsilon /2$. For every $n\ge N$, the triangle inequality givesThus the whole sequence converges to $x$. Every Cauchy sequence converges in $X$, so $X$ is a complete metric space.

No. Give an infinite set $X$ the discrete metricThis space is bounded. Every Cauchy sequence is eventually constant, so it is complete. However, the open cover by the singleton balls $B_{1/2}(x)=\{x\}$ has no finite subcover. Hence $X$ is not compact.