Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2025 / iii / Paper 323 / 4

The Umegaki relative entropy iswhen the support of $\rho$ is contained in that of $\sigma$, and $+\infty$ otherwise. Its additivity of quantum relative entropy isits superadditivity of quantum relative entropy isand its data-processing inequality for quantum relative entropy is $D(T(\rho )\Vert T(\sigma ))\le D(\rho \Vert \sigma )$ for every quantum channel $T$.

Additivity follows from the logarithm of a tensor product,and the analogous identity for ${\sigma }_A\otimes {\sigma }_B$. For superadditivity, subtract the two marginal relative entropies from the joint one. The reference-state terms cancel, leavingThis is the nonnegativity of quantum mutual information, equivalently Subadditivity of Von Neumann entropy.

Apply bipartite superadditivity of quantum relative entropy first to system $1$ and systems $2,\dots ,n$, and then repeat on the remaining joint state. Mathematical induction givesThis is multipartite superadditivity of quantum relative entropy. Repeated application of bipartite additivity similarly gives

Let ${\rho }_{n,j}^{\prime }$ be the $j$th one-system marginal of ${\rho }_n^{\prime }$, and put ${\epsilon }_n=\Vert {\rho }_n^{\prime }-{\rho }^{\otimes n}{\Vert }_1$. Contractivity of trace distance under partial trace givesuniformly in $j$. Because the one-system state space is a compact space, continuity of $f(\cdot \Vert \sigma )$ implies uniform continuity. Hence there is a function $\delta (\epsilon )\to 0$ such thatfor every $j$.

Multipartite superadditivity and additivity now implyThereforewhich proves the required lower asymptotic semicontinuity of quantum relative entropy argument.