For a bounded volume with piecewise smooth closed boundary , oriented by the outward unit normal vector, and a continuously differentiable vector field on a neighborhood of , the divergence theorem states
For an oriented piecewise smooth surface with piecewise smooth boundary , and a continuously differentiable vector field on a neighborhood of , Stokes theorem states
The boundary orientation follows the right-hand rule relative to the chosen normal vector. Reversing that orientation reverses both sides of the latter identity.

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