Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 2 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge / 2017 / Paper 1 / 9 / b / i

The monotonic horizontal coordinate allows the path to be written as a graph. Its arc length element is $ds=\sqrt{1+y^{\prime 2}}dx$, so the variational density is $f(y,y^{\prime })=g(y)\sqrt{1+y^{\prime 2}}$. It has no explicit horizontal-coordinate dependence. The Beltrami identity becomesConsequently every smooth minimizing path satisfiesThis is a first integral of the weighted arc-length problem; fixed endpoint values remove the endpoint variation terms.