Remove the gaseous coproduct as it forms, for example by a controlled inert-gas sweep or reduced pressure compatible with the solvent and apparatus. Lowering its partial pressure reduces its chemical potential. For the decomposition equilibrium,so removing G lowers the reaction quotient and drives net conversion towards F until equilibrium is re-established. As D is consumed, reversible conversion from E can replenish it, allowing the coupled network to feed F.
Removing or selectively precipitating F can have a similar effect if feasible. Heating may increase the rate, but its effect on equilibrium requires the reaction enthalpy; a catalyst accelerates equilibration without changing the equilibrium constant. The gas-removal argument works because it changes product activity, not because it changes the identity of the catalyst.
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