Past exam of the options I course of the University of Oxford / 2013 / H / 1 / e

The polar Euler-Lagrange equation isFor a constant angle with $0<{\theta }_0<\pi$, conservation of $h$ makes $\dot{\varphi }$ constant, say $\Omega$. The remaining equation isIf $g>0$, every nonvertical constant-angle motion is a conical pendulum motion:The rod sweeps out a cone about the downward vertical, in either azimuthal direction. Equivalently, $h^2=(3g/(2a)){\sin }^4{\theta }_0/\cos {\theta }_0$. The exactly downward and exactly upward vertical rods are also static solutions; azimuth has no physical meaning at either pole. No static tilted rod is possible under nonzero gravity.

If $g=0$, the condition is $\sin {\theta }_0\cos {\theta }_0{\Omega }^2=0$. Thus a rod may remain at rest in any orientation, or rotate uniformly in the horizontal plane with ${\theta }_0=\pi /2$ and arbitrary constant $\Omega$. The vertical cases are included among static orientations; changing only their azimuth does not move the rod.