Past exam of the physics A course of the University of Cambridge / 2022 / Paper 1 / Section B / B7 / b

Solving the Time-independent Schrödinger equation with $\psi \propto e^{ik\varphi }$ gives $E={\hslash }^2{k}^2/(2m{R}^2)$. The periodic boundary condition requires $e^{2\pi ik}=1$, hence $k=n\in \mathbb{Z}$. With the angular integration measure $d\varphi$, wavefunction normalization givesso a convenient orthonormal eigenbasis isThe $n=0$ ground state is nondegenerate. For each $|n|>0$, $u_n$ and $u_{-n}$ span a two-dimensional energy eigenspace; real sine and cosine combinations are an equally valid basis. These opposite-circulation eigenstates have angular momentum $n\hslash$ and $-n\hslash$.

If instead the wavefunction is normalized with respect to physical arc length $ds=Rd\varphi$, its expression is $e^{in\varphi }/\sqrt{2\pi R}$. The two conventions describe the same probability, since $|u_n{|}^{2}d\varphi =|u_n/\sqrt{R}{|}^{2}ds$. The remaining parts use $d\varphi$.