Complete the square to obtain the equivalent quadratic congruence
Here : the Euclidean algorithm has successive nonzero remainders . If this modular congruence had a solution, the Jacobi symbol would be , since a square coprime to an odd modulus has Legendre symbol at every prime factor. Calculate instead, using Jacobi reciprocity and reduction of numerators,
Therefore there is no solution. This obstruction does not require a separate primality test for ; the Jacobi symbol suffices.

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