Past exam of the year 1 of the computer science course of the University of Oxford / 2015 / Discrete mathematics, continuous mathematics, and probability / 6 / b / i

For a nonzero separable solution $u=XT$, separation of variables givesThese Dirichlet boundary conditions follow because $T$ is not identically zero. If $\kappa =0$, the affine function $X=A+Bx$ obeys both conditions only when $A=B=0$. If $\kappa =-{\rho }^2<0$, $X=A\cosh (\rho x)+B\sinh (\rho x)$ also has only the zero solution under both conditions.

For $\kappa ={\omega }^2>0$, $X=A\cos (\omega x)+B\sin (\omega x)$. The first boundary condition forces $A=0$, and the second forces $\omega L=n\pi$ for a nonzero solution. Hence all nonzero spatial modes areThe identically zero function is also a solution. Allowing $B_n=0$ includes it in the displayed family. Here $L>0$ is the interval length and $n$ labels the eigenvalues of the operator $-d^2/d{x}^2$ with these boundary conditions.