Overlap between adjacent p-type atomic orbitals permits delocalized electronic states across more than one chemical bond. A cyclic path with suitable occupancy can support aromaticity; an external lone pair can act as a donor without contributing an extra independent pair to every ring count.
An electron occupying a pi-type molecular orbital. In a conjugated planar molecule, the pi subspace is commonly built from p orbitals perpendicular to the molecular plane; its electron population excludes the sigma framework.
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