For and , integrate over to obtain the displayed identity. Tonelli theorem then expresses the moment of a nonnegative random variable as the same integral of expected call payoffs, even when the moment is infinite. This is a static representation across strikes rather than a dynamic replicating strategy in a restricted finite-asset market.
For and , minimize . Its minimum occurs at , giving the sharp constant. Taking expected values yields a uniform bound on from a finite moment of order .
For and , split the static call integral at a fixed positive strike. The first moment bounds the integrand near zero; polynomial call decay controls the integral at infinity for . The endpoint can fail, as shown by a Pareto distribution with survival exponent .

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