A protoplast is the living contents of a biological cell bounded by its cell membrane after removal of the cell wall. Removing the cell wall need not immediately destroy the cell membrane; stability depends on the preparation and surroundings. Lysozyme acts on susceptible bacterial peptidoglycan, not on cellulose or chitin, so it is not a universal wall-removal enzyme.
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A protoplast is a plant or bacterial cell that has had its cell wall removed, allowing the study of the cell membrane and its components in isolation. In plants, protoplasts are crucial for a variety of applications, including genetic engineering, cell fusion experiments, and studies of cellular processes. The removal of the cell wall can be done using enzymes, such as cellulase or pectinase, that break down the cell wall components.