Every open subset of a product of two topological spaces is a rectangle exactly when at least one factor has the indiscrete topology. For necessity, if both factors have nonempty proper open sets , , then is open, projects onto both full factors, and omits every point of . A rectangle with both full projections would be the whole product, a contradiction. For sufficiency, if is indiscrete, every basic open rectangle is or empty; an arbitrary union is . The same argument works when is indiscrete. Empty factors cause no exception because their topology is indiscrete.
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