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Reverse Fatou inequality for events (P(limsupn​An​)≥limsupn​P(An​))

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Area of mathematics Probability and statistics Probability theory Probability space Event Limsup of events
2026-10-25  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
For any sequence of events, its limsup of events satisfies
P(limsupn​An​)≥limsupn​P(An​).
(1)
Set CN​=⋃n≥N​An​. These are decreasing events with intersection limsupn​An​. Continuity of probability from above gives
P(limsupn​An​)=limN​P(CN​)≥limN​supn≥N​P(An​).
(2)
This is also the bounded-indicator form of the reversed Fatou lemma. The inequality can be strict: independent fair-coin head events each have probability 1/2, while their limsup of events has probability 1 by the Second Borel-Cantelli lemma.

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  • Past exam of the probability, measure and martingales course of the University of Oxford / 2021 / 2 / b / i / Solution

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