For a static rest-frame electromagnetic stress-energy tensor with no Poynting flux, a Lorentz transformation to a laboratory where it moves along gives and . Thus energy flux includes stress as well as rest energy density. In an ideal parallel-plate capacitor, for motion perpendicular to the electric field, but for motion parallel to it. The former has ; the latter has zero interior flux, with work at the moving plates transferring energy at the boundaries. The field subsystem need not have an integrated four-momentum independent of simultaneity surface; include material support stresses for a closed system.
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