Let , and stop on first reaching a fixed positive threshold. If the coefficient squares are summable, uniform integrability gives the stopped mean zero, with the terminal limit used on . If the coefficient squares diverge, for each fixed . Thus . This event is unaffected by changing finitely many of the independent variables, so the Kolmogorov zero-one law makes its probability one. Hence and is at least the positive threshold; its expectation, finite or infinite, cannot be zero.
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