For steady injection into a Keplerian disk between two zero-torque boundaries, conservation of mass gives . Conservation of angular momentum gives , where . Eliminating the outward mass flux gives the displayed inward fraction. This fraction does not depend on the viscosity law: the two boundary fluxes must carry away the injected mass and angular momentum. Equivalently, continuity of the viscous torque in an accretion disk joins inside the source to outside.

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