The Mark I detector, also known as the Mark I at the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory, was one of the first particle detectors designed for use in high-energy physics experiments. It was primarily used in the 1970s and played a significant role in experimental particle physics during its operational period.

The MilliQan (Millimeter-wave Quantum sensor for ANties) Experiment is a scientific project designed to search for evidence of dark matter, particularly in the form of light dark matter particles. Dark matter is a form of matter that does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it invisible to traditional telescopes and detectors. It is thought to make up a significant portion of the universe's mass-energy content.

The Mississippi State Axion Search (MSAX) is a scientific initiative focused on the search for axions, which are hypothetical elementary particles proposed as a solution to several theoretical problems in particle physics, particularly in the context of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and dark matter. Axions are predicted to be extremely light, electrically neutral, and have very weak interactions with normal matter, making them challenging to detect.

The STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory) experiment is a NASA mission designed to study the Sun and its effects on the Earth and the surrounding space environment. Launched on October 25, 2006, STEREO consists of two identical spacecraft, STEREO-A (Ahead) and STEREO-B (Behind), which are positioned at different points in their orbits around the Sun.

"Monopole" in the context of astrophysics and physics refers to hypothetical particles or magnetic monopoles, which are entities that possess a net magnetic charge either of the north or south pole independently. In classical electromagnetism, magnetic fields are generated by dipoles (having both a north and south pole), and there has been theoretical interest in whether monopoles could exist. In cosmology and high-energy physics, magnetic monopoles are considered in various grand unified theories and models of the early universe.

The NA31 experiment was a particle physics experiment conducted at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Its primary goal was to study the properties of neutral kaons (K0 mesons) and, in particular, to investigate the phenomenon of CP violation, which refers to the violation of the combined symmetry of charge conjugation (C) and parity (P).

The NA48 experiment was an important experimental effort in particle physics conducted at the CERN laboratory in Switzerland. It ran from the late 1990s to the early 2000s, with its main focus on studying the properties of neutral kaons, particularly in the context of CP violation. CP violation refers to the difference in the behavior of matter and antimatter, which is a crucial aspect of understanding the asymmetry in the universe.

The NA60 experiment is a particle physics experiment conducted at the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) facility, specifically at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator.

The NA61/SHINE (SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment) experiment is a research project conducted at CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) using the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator. The NA61 detector is designed to study a range of physics topics, primarily focusing on the properties of hadronic interactions, cosmic ray physics, and the study of the first stages of heavy-ion collisions.

The "Search for Hidden Particles" generally refers to research efforts in particle physics aimed at discovering new particles and interactions beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. These hidden particles are often theorized to be connected to concepts such as dark matter, supersymmetry, or other exotic phenomena not yet observed.

Soudan 1 is a mining site located in Minnesota, USA, known for its historical significance related to iron ore mining. The site, part of the Mesabi Iron Range, was formerly home to the Soudan Underground Mine State Park, which is notable for being Minnesota's first iron ore mine, opening in 1882. The mine itself is famous for producing high-grade iron ore and contributed significantly to the development of the iron and steel industry in the United States.

The Soviet–American Gallium Experiment was an international scientific collaboration conducted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, specifically designed to investigate the properties of neutrinos emitted by the Sun. This experiment was part of an effort to understand the solar neutrino problem, which involved discrepancies between theoretical predictions of solar neutrino production and the actual number of neutrinos detected on Earth. The experiment utilized gallium as a detector material.

NINA (Neutral Ion and Neutral Atom) is an accelerator that is designed to study the behavior of neutral particles, which can include atoms and ions in their neutral state. It is used in various fields of research, such as atomic physics, astrophysics, and materials science. NINA typically focuses on topics such as atomic collisions, ionization processes, and the interactions of neutral particles with other matter.

The NPDGamma experiment is a physics experiment designed to study the properties of the neutron, particularly its magnetic moments and interactions. Specifically, it focuses on measuring the $γ$-ray emission from the capture of neutrons by protons. This involves investigating the transition between neutron spins and magnetic moments, which has implications for understanding fundamental symmetries in physics, such as charge-parity (CP) violation. The experiment is conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory using a polarized neutron beam.

The OPAL (Omni Purpose Apparatus for LEP) experiment was a particle physics experiment located at the Large Electron-Positron collider (LEP) at CERN, which operated from 1989 to 2000. OPAL was one of four collaborations at LEP, the others being ALEPH, DELPHI, and L3.

The PS210 experiment is a physics experiment conducted at CERN that focuses on the study of the properties of neutrinos, particularly their interactions and interactions with other particles. It is part of the broader research into the behavior of neutrinos and their role in the universe, especially in relation to fundamental questions in particle physics and cosmology.

The PUMA experiment, which stands for "Precision Ultralight Matter Apparatus," is a scientific endeavor aimed at investigating ultralight dark matter candidates that might explain certain phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology. In the context of dark matter research, ultralight dark matter refers to hypothetical particles with extremely low masses, which would manifest as classical wave-like phenomena rather than as particles in the conventional sense.

The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (PONE) is a scientific initiative aimed at exploring neutrinos, which are elusive subatomic particles that can provide valuable insights into fundamental physics and astrophysical processes. The experiment employs a novel approach by using the vastness of the Pacific Ocean as a medium for detecting these particles. One of the distinctive features of PONE is its use of water or ice as a detector medium, leveraging the Cherenkov radiation produced when neutrinos interact with water molecules.

Rare symmetry-violating processes refer to physical phenomena in which certain fundamental symmetries of nature—such as charge conjugation (C), parity (P), and time reversal (T)—are not conserved. These processes are of great interest in the fields of particle physics and cosmology, as they offer insights into the underlying laws of physics and the behavior of particles at a fundamental level.

S-LINK (SCSI Link) is a communication protocol used primarily in computing and data storage contexts. It allows for the connection and communication between various hardware components, typically in SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) networks or systems. S-LINK is designed to facilitate high-speed data transfer between devices, enabling them to share resources efficiently. It has specific applications in server environments, storage solutions, and high-performance computing where rapid data access and transfer are crucial.