Scientific temper refers to an attitude of logical thinking, skepticism, and a commitment to empirical evidence and rationality in understanding the world. It embodies a mindset that embraces the scientific method as a way of inquiry and involves questioning assumptions, seeking evidence, and drawing conclusions based on data rather than superstition, dogma, or uncritical acceptance of ideas. The term is often associated with the promotion of science and rationality in society, emphasizing the importance of critical thinking and a reliance on reasoned arguments.

BibSonomy is a social bookmarking and publication-sharing system that allows users to collect, organize, and share their references and bookmarks. It is particularly designed for researchers and academic users who need to manage large collections of bibliographic references and web resources. Users can save references to articles, books, and other academic materials, along with tags and annotations to facilitate easier retrieval and sharing with others.

The "Big Banana" typically refers to a popular tourist attraction located in Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia. It is one of the country's "big things," which are oversized structures or sculptures that represent various aspects of Australian culture and industry. The Big Banana was established in 1964 and has since become a symbol of the banana-growing region of Coffs Harbour.

Biocoenosis refers to the community of living organisms that interact with one another in a particular environment or ecosystem. It encompasses all the different species—plants, animals, microorganisms, and fungi—that cohabit a specific area and interact in various ways, such as through predation, competition, symbiosis, and other ecological relationships. The concept is often discussed in the context of ecology and is crucial for understanding the dynamics of ecosystems, biodiversity, and the overall functioning of the environment.

"Big Trout" can refer to a few different concepts depending on the context: 1. **Fish Species**: Big Trout commonly refers to large specimens of trout, a popular freshwater fish in the Salmonidae family. This includes species like the Brook Trout, Brown Trout, and Rainbow Trout. Anglers often seek out larger forms of these species for sport fishing. 2. **Geographical Location**: There might be places named "Big Trout" in various regions.

Map the Miner is an interactive project or initiative that utilizes GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and mapping technology to compile and visualize data related to mining activities. Although specific details and variations of the project can exist, these types of initiatives typically aim to gather information about mining sites, their geographical spread, impacts on the environment, and their socio-economic implications for local communities.

The Fairfield Industrial Dog Object, often referred to simply as the "Dog Object," is a well-known astronomical phenomenon located in the Fairfield Industrial area of Melbourne, Australia. It gained attention due to its unusual shape and structure, which resembles a dog, hence the name. The object is actually a prominent feature of an industrial landscape, typically consisting of remnants or structures that have taken on a dog-like form over time.

DE-9IM, or the Dimensionally Extended nine-Intersection Model, is a formalism used in geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis to represent the spatial relationships between two geometric objects, particularly in a two-dimensional space. Developed as an extension of the classic 9-intersection model, DE-9IM provides a way to describe how two spatial objects interact with each other.

"Marine realms" generally refers to different ecological zones or environments found in the ocean and coastal areas. These realms are characterized by specific biological communities, physical conditions, and geographical features. The term can encompass a variety of marine habitats, including: 1. **Coastal Zones**: Areas where land meets the ocean, comprising shorelines, estuaries, and intertidal zones.

The elevational diversity gradient refers to the pattern of biodiversity changes as one moves up or down a mountain or hilly landscape in relation to elevation. Generally, this concept describes how species richness and diversity can vary with altitude. In many cases, biodiversity tends to increase with elevation up to a certain point, often peaking at mid-elevations, and then it may decrease at higher altitudes.

"Arctic-alpine" refers to a biogeographical zone characterized by the presence of plants and animals adapted to cold environments, typically found in high-latitude regions and at high altitudes. This term is often used in ecology and geography to describe ecosystems that share similarities between Arctic regions, which are typically found near the poles, and alpine regions, which are found in high mountain ranges regardless of latitude.

A list of biogeographic provinces refers to the classification of different regions of the world based on their distinct ecological and biological characteristics, including flora and fauna. These provinces help in understanding the distribution of species and ecosystems, and they are often used in conservation biology and biodiversity studies. One of the commonly referenced systems for classifying biogeographic provinces is the "Wallacean biogeographic regions," which divides the world into several major areas based on the distribution of terrestrial animals.

The term "land bridges of Japan" generally refers to the historical land connections that existed between the Japanese archipelago and the Asian continent. Japan is an island nation, but during certain geological periods, particularly during the Ice Ages, sea levels were lower, and land bridges connected the islands to the mainland. ### Key points about Japan's land bridges: 1. **Pleistocene Epoch**: During the last Ice Age, which took place approximately 2.

Tussock grass refers to a group of grass species characterized by clumps or tufts, typically found in various ecosystems, especially in temperate regions. Some common examples include: 1. **Poa tussock** - This is native to New Zealand and is often found in alpine and subalpine environments. 2. **Danthonia** - This is a genus of grasses commonly found in Australia and New Zealand, particularly in open grasslands.

The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) is a systematic framework developed to facilitate the recording and reporting of plant distributions around the globe. Established by the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases for Plant Sciences (TDP), the scheme provides a standardized method for categorizing geographical areas based on their flora.

BIOSCI, which stands for Biological Sciences Electronic Communication Network, was an online discussion platform and a mailing list that facilitated communication among professionals in the biological sciences. It was a place for researchers, educators, and practitioners to share information, ask questions, and discuss various topics related to biology and life sciences.

ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) is a statistical method that combines analysis of variance (ANOVA) with principal component analysis (PCA) for the analysis of high-dimensional data, particularly in the context of multivariate datasets. ### Key Features of ASCA: 1. **Purpose**: ASCA aims to identify and visualize the differences between groups while reducing the complexity of the data.

Automated species identification is a technological approach that utilizes various methods and tools to quickly and accurately identify different species of organisms—such as plants, animals, fungi, and microbes—without the need for manual classification by experts. This process often incorporates various technologies, including: 1. **Image Recognition**: Machine learning algorithms and computer vision techniques analyze images of specimens, comparing them to large databases of known species to determine an appropriate match.

The Benjamin Franklin Award in Bioinformatics is an honor presented by the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB). Established to recognize outstanding contributions in the field of bioinformatics, the award is named after Benjamin Franklin, the American polymath known for his contributions to science, among other fields. This award is typically given to individuals who have made significant advancements in bioinformatics research, which encompasses the development and application of computational tools to understand biological data.

Binning in metagenomics refers to the process of grouping or categorizing DNA sequences obtained from metagenomic studies into distinct bins that correspond to specific genomes or taxonomic groups. This is important because metagenomic data often come from environmental samples, where multiple microorganisms coexist, making it challenging to analyze the genetic material as a cohesive unit.