The Simmons–Su protocols refer to a set of cryptographic protocols designed for secure communication, particularly in the context of digital signatures and key exchange. Named after their developers, David R. Simmons and J. H. Su, these protocols are notable in the field of cryptography for their theoretical contributions and practical applications.

Jamila is a doll created by the American toy company TollyTots, designed to promote cultural diversity and representation. It is part of the "My Life As" doll collection, which features various dolls that reflect different ethnicities, backgrounds, and interests. The Jamila doll specifically represents a girl of Middle Eastern descent and comes with a variety of outfits and accessories that celebrate her culture.

Journey Girls is a line of fashion dolls created by the American toy company, World Wide Garage. Launched in 2011, the line features a diverse group of 18-inch dolls that represent girls from different backgrounds and cultures. Each doll comes with a unique storyline and personal interests, encouraging imaginative play and storytelling. The Journey Girls dolls are designed to inspire creativity and adventure, as they often engage in travel-themed play, with various outfits and accessories reflecting different parts of the world.

"Permanence" is a science fiction novel by the author Dante D'Anthony. It explores themes related to memory, identity, and the nature of existence in a speculative future. The story revolves around a society where certain individuals can manipulate or alter their memories, raising questions about the implications of such powers on personal relationships and societal structures. The narrative often delves into the ethical dilemmas associated with memory modification, such as the authenticity of experiences and the impact on one's sense of self.

The term "Surplus procedure" can refer to various concepts depending on the context, such as finance, economics, law, or project management. Here are a few interpretations: 1. **Finance and Accounting**: In financial contexts, a surplus procedure might deal with the management and allocation of surplus funds—excess revenues over expenditures. Organizations might have procedures for how to allocate or invest this surplus, which can include reinvestments, saving for future needs, or distributing profits to stakeholders.

Apportionment is the process of distributing a fixed resource, such as seats in a legislature or representatives, to different groups based on specific criteria. The criteria for apportionment methods can vary, but some key principles generally guide these methods: 1. **Fairness**: The apportionment method should be fair, ensuring that each group receives a number of representatives that reflect its size relative to other groups. The goal is to represent populations accurately.

Coherence, in the context of fairness, generally refers to the consistency and logical alignment of judgments, policies, or actions regarding fairness across different situations or individuals. In areas such as ethics, law, and machine learning, coherence involves ensuring that similar situations yield similar judgments or that rules applied in one context are also applicable in another, without bias or contradiction.

Egalitarian equivalence refers to a concept in economics and social theory that seeks to establish a fair distribution of resources, opportunities, or outcomes among individuals or groups, with particular emphasis on equality. The term is often associated with theories of equity and fairness, highlighting the importance of treating individuals equally or ensuring that any disparities in treatment are justified and reasonable.

Anna Bogomolnaia is a mathematician known for her work in the fields of combinatorics and discrete mathematics. She has contributed to various topics, including game theory, matching theory, and algorithms. Her research often focuses on the mathematical foundations of problems related to optimization and decision-making.

Edith Elkind is a prominent computer scientist known for her work in artificial intelligence, particularly in the areas of multi-agent systems, computational social choice, and algorithms. Her research often involves topics such as game theory, social choice theory, and the interaction of algorithms in social contexts. Elkind has contributed significantly to the understanding of how computational methods can be applied to problems in economics and social science.

Edwin Spanier is known primarily for his contributions to the field of mathematics, particularly in the areas of topology and functional analysis. He authored several influential texts and research papers throughout his career, helping to advance mathematical understanding in his areas of expertise. One of his notable works is "Algebraic Topology," which is used in many academic curricula. Additionally, Spanier has been recognized for his teaching and influence in the mathematical community.

Francis Su is a prominent mathematician known for his work in the fields of mathematical economics, applied mathematics, and education. He is a professor of mathematics at Harvey Mudd College, where he has been involved in various mathematical research and educational initiatives. Su is particularly recognized for his contributions to the study of fair division, game theory, and the mathematics of voting.

Hal Varian is an American economist known for his work in microeconomics, information economics, and the economics of technology. He is particularly recognized for his role as the Chief Economist at Google and for his contributions to the field of economics through his research and teaching. Varian has written several influential textbooks, one of the most notable being "Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach," which is widely used in economics courses.

An **N-monoid** is a concept in the field of algebra, specifically in the study of algebraic structures known as monoids. A monoid is a set equipped with an associative binary operation and an identity element. 1. **Basic Definition of a Monoid**: - A set \( M \) along with a binary operation \( \cdot: M \times M \to M \) (often written simply as juxtaposition, i.e.

Tressy is likely a reference to a fashion doll character that was popular in the 1960s and 1970s. The Tressy doll was notable for its unique feature: it had a mechanism that allowed her hair to be lengthened or shortened, giving the illusion of having different hairstyles. This was achieved by a pull-string mechanism, allowing children to style Tressy's hair in various ways.

What's Her Face is a character doll created by the toy company Mattel. Part of the "My Scene" line, which was launched in the early 2000s, What's Her Face is notable for her customizable features, particularly her interchangeable face plates that allow for various expressions and looks. The design and concept of the doll were aimed at capturing the interests of preteen and teenage girls, focusing on fashion, friendship, and self-expression.

Ted Hill is an American mathematician known for his work in various areas of mathematics, including probability theory and combinatorics. He is particularly recognized for his contributions to the field of mathematical education and for his research on random processes and combinatorial structures. Hill's work has involved exploring the mathematical underpinnings of randomness and is often associated with concepts in both pure and applied mathematics. He has also been active in discussing the philosophy of mathematics and the pedagogical aspects of teaching mathematics.

The "17-animal inheritance puzzle" is a classic genetic puzzle that involves determining the inheritance patterns of certain traits in a group of animals, often used as an educational tool in genetics or introductory biology courses. The puzzle typically outlines a scenario where a certain trait is passed down through generations of animals, and participants must use information about the traits of the parents and offspring to deduce which animals carry specific traits.

Course allocation refers to the process of assigning students to specific courses or classes within an educational institution. This process can vary widely depending on the institution, educational level, and specific guidelines or policies in place. Here are some key aspects of course allocation: 1. **Student Enrollment**: Course allocation often begins with student enrollment, where students express their preferences for courses based on their educational goals, major requirements, or personal interests.

Efficient Approximately Fair Item Allocation is a concept from the field of resource allocation, particularly in economics and computer science. The idea revolves around the fair distribution of items among multiple participants in a way that is both efficient and approximately fair. ### Key Concepts: 1. **Efficiency**: An allocation is considered efficient if there are no other possible distributions of items that would make at least one participant better off without making someone else worse off.