A Jolly balance, also known as a Jolly balance scale or Jolly balance beam, is a type of balance scale used in educational settings and laboratories to demonstrate the principles of mass and weight measurement. It consists of a horizontal beam that is pivoted at a central fulcrum. Different weights can be placed on either side of the beam, and the balance will tip to one side or the other based on the relative masses of the weights.

Glass physics is a field of study that focuses on the properties, behavior, and underlying principles governing glassy materials. Glasses are typically characterized as amorphous solids, meaning they lack a long-range ordered crystalline structure. Instead, their atomic arrangement is disordered, which results in unique physical properties. Key areas of focus in glass physics include: 1. **Structure and Composition**: Investigating how the arrangement of atoms and the types of bonds affect the properties of glass.

The Big Bang is the leading scientific explanation for the origin of the universe. It describes the event that occurred approximately 13.8 billion years ago when the universe began to expand from an extremely hot and dense state. This event marks the beginning of time and space as we understand them. Key aspects of the Big Bang theory include: 1. **Cosmic Expansion**: The universe has been expanding since the Big Bang.