An excimer lamp is a type of gas discharge lamp that generates ultraviolet (UV) light through a process involving excimer molecules. These molecules are formed when certain types of noble gases (such as xenon, krypton, or argon) are excited by a high-voltage electrical discharge. The resulting excimer molecules are unstable and quickly dissociate, releasing energy in the form of UV light during this process. **Key Characteristics of Excimer Lamps:** 1.

Thomas Ypsilantis (1790–1848) was a prominent figure in the Greek War of Independence against Ottoman rule. He belonged to the Ypsilantis family, a notable Phanariot family in the Ottoman Empire, and played a pivotal role in the efforts to liberate Greece. Ypsilantis was educated in Europe and influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment and the Greek desire for independence.

In the context of linear programming and convex geometry, a **Hilbert basis** refers to a specific type of generating set for a convex cone. A Hilbert basis of a polyhedral cone is characterized by the property that every point in the cone can be represented as a non-negative integral combination of a finite set of generators. This is closely related to the notion of (integer) linear combinations in linear programming.

A glossary of areas of mathematics serves as a reference for various fields or branches that make up the broader discipline of mathematics. Here’s an overview of some key areas: 1. **Arithmetic**: The study of numbers and basic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. 2. **Algebra**: A branch focused on symbols and the rules for manipulating those symbols; includes subfields such as linear algebra, abstract algebra, and Boolean algebra.

A Browser Helper Object (BHO) is a type of plugin or add-on for Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser. BHOs are designed to extend the capabilities of the browser by allowing third-party developers to implement additional features. Here's a more detailed breakdown of BHOs: 1. **Functionality**: BHOs can be used for various purposes, such as adding toolbars, integrating web services, tracking user behavior, or implementing additional security features.

An Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) is a type of remote sensing instrument used primarily for measuring microwave radiation emitted from various surfaces, including the Earth's atmosphere, ocean, and land. These radiometers operate in the microwave frequency range, which is typically between 1 GHz and 100 GHz, capturing data that can be used to derive important environmental parameters.

"Electricity stubs" typically refers to short segments of electrical wiring or connectors that are used in various applications. In a broader context, the term can also apply to temporary connections or short spans of electrical circuits. Here are a few relevant contexts: 1. **Electrical Wiring**: In construction or renovation projects, electricity stubs might refer to short pieces of wire left exposed after the installation of outlets or fixtures. These stubs can be used for future connections.

Elementary number theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and relationships of integers, particularly through the study of whole numbers and their inherent properties. It focuses on various topics related to numbers, notably primes, divisibility, modular arithmetic, and congruences, without requiring advanced mathematics or tools from other areas.

Ellipsis refers to the omission of one or more words in a sentence, which can help avoid repetition and maintain flow in language. It is a linguistic tool used in both written and spoken forms. For example, in conversation, if someone asks, "Want to go to the park?" and the response is simply "Sure," the speaker omits "I want to go to the park" in their response. In writing, ellipsis is also represented by three consecutive dots (...

The term "emergent algorithm" can refer to various concepts across different fields, particularly in computer science, artificial intelligence, and complex systems, though it doesn't reference a single established algorithm or technique. Here are some contexts in which the concept of emergence in algorithms may be relevant: 1. **Swarm Intelligence**: Emergent algorithms often arise from the principles of swarm intelligence, where simple agents follow local rules that lead to complex and coordinated collective behavior.

The Hu–Washizu principle is a variational principle used in the field of elasticity and continuum mechanics. It provides a framework to derive the governing equations for an elastic body undergoing deformation. Named after Chinese engineer S. P. Hu and Japanese engineer K. Washizu, the principle is particularly useful because it allows for the incorporation of stresses and displacements in a unified manner.

Environmental statistics is a specialized branch of statistics that focuses on the application of statistical methods and techniques to environmental data and issues. It involves the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data related to environmental phenomena, enabling researchers, policymakers, and organizations to make informed decisions regarding environmental management and policy. Key features of environmental statistics include: 1. **Data Collection**: This involves gathering data from various sources, such as air and water quality measurements, biodiversity assessments, climate records, and pollution levels.

The timeline of algorithms is a chronological list highlighting significant developments in algorithmic theory and practice throughout history. Here’s an overview of key milestones: ### Ancient and Classical Periods - **~300 BC**: Euclid's Algorithm for computing the greatest common divisor (GCD) is described in "Elements". - **~circa 100 BC**: The Sieve of Eratosthenes, an efficient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to a specified integer.

Forcing is a technique used in set theory, particularly in the context of determining the consistency of various mathematical statements in relation to the axioms of set theory, such as Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice (ZFC). It was developed by Paul Cohen in the 1960s and is a powerful method for constructing models of set theory and for demonstrating the independence of certain propositions from ZFC.