Barbara Sherwood Lollar is a Canadian geologist renowned for her work in the field of Earth Sciences, particularly in the study of groundwater and the geological processes that affect it. She has made significant contributions to our understanding of the origins and movement of water in the Earth's crust, as well as the implications for life in extreme environments, such as deep underground ecosystems.

Bareiss Prüfgerätebau GmbH is a company that specializes in the development and manufacture of testing and measuring equipment, particularly in the field of material testing. Founded in Germany, the company is known for its innovative solutions in quality assurance and testing for various industries, including rubber, plastics, and materials science. Their product range typically includes devices for hardness testing, thermal analysis, and other forms of material testing and analysis.

The Bariloche Atomic Centre (Centro Atómico Bariloche, CAB) is a research facility located in Bariloche, Argentina. It is associated with the National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) of Argentina and focuses on nuclear science and technology. Established in the mid-20th century, the center conducts a wide range of research in areas such as nuclear reactors, radiation physics, materials science, and various applications of nuclear technology.

Barnette's conjecture is a proposition in the field of combinatorial geometry, specifically concerning polyhedra. It states that for a polyhedron with \( n \) vertices, the number of faces \( f \) must satisfy the inequality: \[ f \leq 2n - 4 \] This conjecture essentially posits an upper bound on the number of faces in a convex polyhedron based on its number of vertices.

The Barre Firehouse Weathervane is a notable historical weathervane located atop the firehouse in Barre, Massachusetts. It is distinguished by its unique design, typically featuring an artistic representation of a fireman, which reflects the heritage and pride of the local firefighting community. Weathervanes like this one are often seen as symbols of a town's history and identity.

Barry M. McCoy is a mathematician known for his contributions to various fields, including graph theory and combinatorial mathematics. He has published numerous research papers and is recognized for his work in areas such as algebraic combinatorics.

The Bartell mechanism is a concept in the field of polymer chemistry that describes a specific type of ionization process. It is primarily associated with the study of the effects of various catalysts and reaction conditions on the polymerization process. The Bartell mechanism involves a series of steps that typically include the formation of an intermediate complex that facilitates the transfer of energy or the movement of ions during the reaction.

BBC New Media refers to the division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) that focuses on the development and distribution of digital content and services. This includes online platforms such as the BBC website, BBC iPlayer, and various mobile apps. The New Media division is responsible for adapting traditional broadcasting content for online consumption, creating interactive digital experiences, and engaging audiences through social media and other digital channels.

An afocal system refers to an optical configuration in which light rays do not converge or diverge — they exit the system in parallel rays, meaning that the system effectively has no focal point. This type of system is characterized by its ability to take in parallel rays of light and produce output rays that are also parallel.

Battle Management Language (BML) is a standardized language designed for the exchange of information related to military operations and command and control. It was developed to facilitate communication between different military systems and platforms, ensuring that commands and operational information can be shared accurately and efficiently among various command levels and units. BML provides a formalized way to encode and express military concepts, such as unit movements, engagements, and other operational tasks, in a manner that can be interpreted by both humans and software systems.

The BBC Micro expansion unit, often referred to as the BBC Microcomputer System expansion unit or simply an expansion unit, was a peripheral designed to enhance the functionality of the BBC Microcomputer series, which was introduced by Acorn Computers in the early 1980s. The BBC Micro was widely used in schools and homes in the UK and was notable for its educational emphasis and capability.

The Baum–Connes conjecture is a significant proposal in the field of noncommutative geometry and topology, specifically relating to the theory of groups and operator algebras. Formulated by mathematicians Paul Baum and Alain Connes in the 1980s, the conjecture addresses the relationship between the K-theory of certain spaces and the geometry of the groups acting on those spaces.

The Generalized Gauss–Newton (GGN) method is an extension of the standard Gauss–Newton algorithm used for solving nonlinear least squares problems. The Gauss–Newton method is a nonlinear optimization technique that provides a way to find the minimum of a sum of squares of nonlinear functions. It is particularly useful when dealing with problems where the objective function can be expressed as a sum of squared residuals.

The concept of a **Bayesian-optimal mechanism** arises in the field of mechanism design, which deals with creating rules or structures that lead to desirable outcomes in economic or strategic settings where players have private information. A Bayesian-optimal mechanism is one that maximizes the expected utility of the designer (or allocator) under the assumption that players have independent private valuations or types.

BBC Radio 1's Live Lounge is a popular segment where artists perform live music, often including covers of other songs as well as their own material. In 2018, like in other years, the Live Lounge featured a range of well-known and emerging artists performing in the studio. These performances are typically broadcast on the radio and are available for listening online. The 2018 editions included various artists from different genres who showcased their unique interpretations of popular songs along with their own hits.

A Beale number is a positive integer that can be expressed as the sum of a positive integer, a square, and a cube. More formally, a number \( n \) is a Beale number if there exist positive integers \( x \), \( y \), and \( z \) such that: \[ n = x + y^2 + z^3 \] Beale numbers are named after the American mathematician and cryptographer John Beale.