The thomson (symbol: Tm or sometimes just T) is a unit of magnetic flux density or magnetomotive force in the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system of units. It is defined as the magnetic flux density that will induce an electromotive force of one volt in a circuit of one turn when the magnetic field changes at a rate of one weber per second.

"Toxic unit" is not a standard term with a single definition, and its meaning can vary based on context. Here are a few possible interpretations: 1. **Environmental Context**: In environmental science, a toxic unit might refer to a measure used to quantify the toxicity of a substance or concentration of pollutants in a given environment. It can help in assessing the potential harmful effects of various chemicals on ecosystems and human health.

In algebra, particularly in the context of universal algebra and model theory, a **clone** is a concept that describes a set of operations that can be performed on a particular set, obeying certain closure properties.

The Littlewood conjecture is a statement in number theory proposed by John Edensor Littlewood in 1925. It concerns the distribution of fractional parts of sequences of the form \( n \alpha \), where \( n \) is a positive integer and \( \alpha \) is an irrational number.

The Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) is a fundamental concept in fracture mechanics that quantifies the stress state near the tip of a crack in a material. It provides a measure of the intensity of the stress field around the crack tip and is essential for assessing the risk of crack propagation in structural components under load. The SIF is denoted by \( K \) and varies depending on the loading conditions, crack geometry, and material properties.

The Jónsson term is a concept from the field of ordinal analysis within mathematical logic and set theory. Specifically, it refers to a certain ordinal that is associated with a particular class of formal systems, particularly in relation to the consistency strength of theories.

Basil Altaie could refer to an individual, but without additional context, it's challenging to provide specific information. It’s possible that he may be a public figure, professional, or someone notable in a certain field.

"Blue space" refers to natural water bodies such as oceans, rivers, lakes, and other aquatic environments. It encompasses both freshwater and marine ecosystems and emphasizes the importance of these water bodies for ecological, social, and economic reasons. The concept of blue space is often associated with the health benefits of being near water, including its positive effects on mental well-being and physical health. Increasingly, researchers and urban planners recognize the significance of integrating blue spaces into city planning and environmental management.

Diffuse Extragalactic Background Radiation (DEBR) refers to the faint, overall glow of electromagnetic radiation that permeates the universe outside our galaxy. This radiation is not concentrated in individual sources like stars or galaxies but is instead the cumulative output from numerous cosmic phenomena across vast distances.

The Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin (GZK) limit refers to a fundamental limit on the energy of cosmic rays, particularly protons, due to interactions with the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. This limit is named after three physicists: Kenneth Greisen, Georgiy Zatsepin, and Vitaly Kuzmin, who independently identified this phenomenon in the early 1960s.

IPTF14hls is a designation for a specific astronomical object, identified as a supernova. It was discovered as part of the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) survey, which focuses on transient astronomical events. The "IPTF" stands for the "Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory," while "14hls" indicates that the supernova was discovered in the year 2014.

VVV-WIT-07 is a variable star that was identified through the VVV (Vista Variables in the Via Lactea) survey. It belongs to the class of stars known as "WIT" stars, which are characterized by their variability. Specifically, VVV-WIT-07 is notable for its unusual behavior or characteristics, which have drawn the attention of astronomers. The VVV survey is aimed at studying the Milky Way's structure and stellar populations through infrared observations.

Stephen Webb is an astrophysicist and researcher primarily known for his work in the field of cosmology and the study of the universe's structure and evolution. He notably contributed to the field of astrobiology and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Webb is also recognized for his literary work, particularly his book "If the Universe Is Teeming with Aliens... WHERE IS EVERYBODY?

Transient Lunar Phenomena (TLP) refers to short-lived light or color changes observed on the surface of the Moon. These phenomena are typically temporary and can last from a few minutes to several hours. TLP can manifest in various forms, including bright spots, color variations, or changes in the visibility of certain lunar features.

The Reconstruction Conjecture is a concept in the field of graph theory, specifically related to the properties of graphs. It posits that a simple graph (i.e., a graph without loops or multiple edges) can be uniquely determined (reconstructed) from the collection of its vertex-deleted subgraphs.

Heesch's problem is a question in the field of geometry, specifically in relation to tiling and the properties of shapes. It asks whether a given shape can be extended into a larger shape by adding additional copies of itself, while maintaining a specific tiling condition—specifically, that the tiles fit together without gaps or overlaps.

The Virasoro conjecture is a fundamental result in the field of string theory and two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT). It relates to the algebra of Virasoro operators, which are central to the study of CFTs, particularly in the context of two-dimensional quantum gravity and string theory. In essence, the conjecture asserts that there exists a certain relation between the partition functions of two-dimensional conformal field theories and the geometry of the underlying space.

The Erdős–Gyárfás conjecture is a statement in the field of graph theory that pertains to the coloring of graphs. Specifically, it suggests that for any graph \( G \) that does not contain a complete bipartite subgraph \( K_{p,q} \) (i.e.

The Berman-Hartmanis conjecture is a hypothesis in computational complexity theory that relates to the structure of problems within the complexity classes P and NP. Formulated by Jacob Berman and Richard Hartmanis in the early 1970s, the conjecture posits that every NP-complete problem can be efficiently transformed into any other NP-complete problem in a way that preserves the number of solutions.

The Brennan Conjecture is a mathematical conjecture related to the properties of certain kinds of graphs, specifically in the field of graph theory. It concerns the relationship between the diameter of a graph and the maximum degree of its vertices. The conjecture asserts that for any graph with a given maximum degree, there is a bound on the diameter that can be expressed in terms of that degree.