Michael Green is a notable theoretical physicist known for his significant contributions to string theory and quantum gravity. Born on April 2, 1946, he is particularly recognized for his work in the 1980s alongside John H. Schwarz, where they formulated a consistent perturbative framework for string theory. This work played a critical role in the revival of interest in string theory, establishing it as a leading candidate for a unified theory of fundamental forces.

As of my last update in October 2023, Michael Rycroft is not a widely recognized public figure, expert, or concept in a major field such as politics, science, or entertainment. It’s possible that he may be a private individual or a figure who has gained relevance or notoriety after my last update, or he could be a character in fiction or a niche subject.

Henry Kater (1777–1835) was a British inventor and physicist best known for his work in the field of metrology, particularly in the development of precision pendulums for use in timekeeping. Kater's most notable contribution is the Kater's pendulum, which is an improved form of a standard pendulum that allows for a more accurate determination of the acceleration due to gravity.

John Henry Poynting was an English physicist best known for his work in the field of electromagnetism. He was born on September 9, 1852, and died on March 30, 1914. Poynting is particularly noted for the formulation of the Poynting vector, which describes the directional energy flux (the rate of energy transfer per unit area) of electromagnetic fields.

John Randall (1905–1984) was a notable British physicist recognized for his contributions to various fields, including nuclear physics and particle physics. He is perhaps best known for his work on the development of particle accelerators and for his involvement in early research related to the atomic bomb during World War II. Randall played a significant role in the development of the cyclotron, a type of particle accelerator that enabled scientists to explore atomic structure and nuclear reactions.

John Theophilus Desaguliers (1683–1744) was a French-born British scientist and preacher known for his contributions to the fields of natural philosophy and engineering. He is particularly recognized for his work in the areas of physics, particularly in mechanics, and for his role in the popularization of science during the early 18th century. Desaguliers was instrumental in the development of experimental philosophy and is often associated with the early Enlightenment period.

Julia Goodfellow is a British biologist and academic known for her work in the field of microbiology and biotechnology. She has made significant contributions to the understanding of bacterial physiology and antibiotic resistance. Goodfellow has held various academic positions and has been involved in research and education, promoting scientific understanding and innovation in biology.

Leslie Fleetwood Bates refers to an individual who is mainly recognized for being a notable figure in Canadian history, particularly related to the field of civil engineering and public service. He was involved in significant infrastructure projects and contributed to the development of various communities in Canada.

Richard D. Leapman is a prominent scientist known for his contributions to the field of biomedical research, particularly in the areas of microscopy and imaging techniques. He has played a significant role in advancing the use of electron microscopy to study biological systems, helping to enhance our understanding of subcellular structures and processes. Leapman's work often focuses on developing new methodologies and technologies for imaging, which can have applications in areas such as diagnostics, drug development, and cellular biology.

Michael Duff is a theoretical physicist known for his contributions to string theory, quantum gravity, and supersymmetry. He has been involved in research that explores the unification of fundamental forces and the theoretical framework of high-energy physics. His work includes significant contributions to the understanding of branes and their implications in string theory. Duff has also written extensively on topics related to the mathematical foundations of physics.

Oliver Lodge can refer to two distinct subjects: 1. **Oliver Lodge (physicist)**: Sir Oliver Lodge (1851–1940) was a British physicist and writer, known for his work in the fields of electromagnetism and radio waves. He was one of the pioneers of wireless communication and is credited with important contributions to the development of the spark-gap transmitter. Lodge was also involved in early experiments with radio and made notable contributions to the understanding of electromagnetic radiation.

The Ultra-short Baseline (USBL) acoustic positioning system is a technology used for determining the position of underwater objects, such as submersibles, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and other underwater installations. USBL systems rely on the propagation of acoustic signals in water to calculate positions based on the time it takes for sound waves to travel between a surface vessel and underwater targets.

Richard Glazebrook is not widely known as a public figure or a prominent individual in historical or contemporary contexts up until my last update in October 2023. It's possible that he could refer to a person not extensively covered in mainstream media, or he might be a fictional character or a private individual.

Ted Bastin could refer to a person or a specific topic, but without additional context, it's challenging to provide a precise answer. If you are referring to a notable individual, there may not be widely-known information available, as my training data includes public figures, but not every individual.

Roger Elliott is a physicist known for his contributions to the field of condensed matter physics, particularly in the areas of superconductivity and magnetism. He has been involved in various research projects and has published numerous papers related to these topics. In addition to his research work, Elliott has also been involved in academic positions and has contributed to the education and mentoring of students in the field of physics.

Russell Stannard is a British physicist and educator known for his work in the field of physics education and his contributions to the popularization of science. He has a background in theoretical physics and has been involved in various initiatives aimed at making complex scientific concepts more accessible to the general public. In addition to his academic work, he has authored several books and resources on physics and science communication.

Stephen Butterworth is a name that could refer to several individuals across different fields. For example, he could be a scholar, a professional in a specific industry, or even a character in literature or media. Without more context, it’s difficult to provide a precise answer.

William Duddell (1872–1917) was an English electrical engineer and inventor known primarily for his work on the musicality of oscillators and for developing the Duddell oscillator. This device was an early form of an electronic oscillator, which used a mechanical resonator, and was significant in the advancement of electronic sound generation. It contributed to the development of early electronic music instruments and sound synthesis.

Thomas Guidott was a notable figure in the 17th century, recognized primarily as a physician, writer, and advocate for the practice of medicine. He is particularly known for his work related to the medicinal properties of minerals and waters, and he made contributions to the understanding of mineralogy. He is often associated with the study of natural history and was involved in the development of early scientific thought in England.

Kullback-Leibler divergence, often abbreviated as KL divergence, is a measure from information theory that quantifies how one probability distribution diverges from a second, expected probability distribution. It is particularly useful in various fields such as statistics, machine learning, and information theory.