Plessey Code, also known as Plessey bar code or Plessey weight code, is a type of barcode that was developed in the 1970s in the United Kingdom by the Plessey Company. It is primarily used for encoding numeric data and is commonly utilized in various applications, including retail and inventory management.

Ring Learning with Errors (Ring-LWE) is a computational problem that is a specific instance of the more general Learning with Errors (LWE) problem, which is important in the field of cryptography, particularly for building secure cryptographic schemes such as encryption schemes, digital signatures, and homomorphic encryption. The LWE problem is based on the mathematical hardness of distinguishing between certain distributions of noisy linear equations over finite fields or lattices.

Frequent subtree mining is a data mining technique that focuses on identifying substructures (or subtrees) that appear frequently within a collection of tree-structured data. This process is particularly important in domains where data can be naturally represented as trees, such as in biological data (e.g., phylogenetic trees), XML data, and other hierarchical structures. ### Key Concepts 1.

The Steiner tree problem is an optimization problem in combinatorial optimization and graph theory. It involves finding the minimum-weight subgraph that connects a given set of points (called terminals) in a weighted graph. This subgraph may include additional points (called Steiner points) that are not in the original set of terminals, and these points can help reduce the overall length of the connecting tree.

Computational fields of study encompass various disciplines that focus on the use of computational methods and techniques to solve problems, analyze data, and model complex systems. These fields leverage algorithms, software, and computational resources to facilitate research, innovation, and practical applications. Here are some key areas included in computational fields of study: 1. **Computer Science**: The study of algorithms, data structures, computation theory, software engineering, and human-computer interaction. It forms the foundation of all computational fields.

Scientific simulation software refers to specialized computer programs designed to model, analyze, and visualize complex systems and processes in various scientific fields. These tools enable researchers, scientists, and engineers to simulate physical, chemical, biological, or even social phenomena, thereby allowing them to explore behaviors, test hypotheses, and predict outcomes without the need for physical experimentation, which can often be costly, time-consuming, or dangerous.

RaptorX is a web-based tool designed for protein structure prediction. It utilizes machine learning and advanced algorithms to predict the three-dimensional structures of proteins based on their amino acid sequences. RaptorX is particularly known for its ability to make structural predictions even when there are no known templates available for a given protein, making it a valuable resource in the field of computational biology and bioinformatics.

"Real RAM" typically refers to the physical random access memory (RAM) installed in a computer or device, as opposed to virtual memory or other forms of memory management. RAM is a type of volatile memory that temporarily stores data that the CPU needs to access quickly while performing tasks. Key characteristics of real RAM include: 1. **Volatility**: RAM is volatile, meaning it loses its content when power is turned off.

A **Binary Expression Tree** is a specific type of binary tree used to represent expressions in a way that makes it easy to evaluate or manipulate them. Each internal node of the tree represents an operator, while each leaf node represents an operand (such as a number or variable). ### Structure: - **Internal Nodes**: These nodes contain operators (such as +, -, *, /). - **Leaf Nodes**: These nodes contain operands (such as constants or variables).

An elementary function is a type of function that is constructed using a finite combination of basic functions and operations. The fundamental types of elementary functions include: 1. **Polynomial Functions**: Functions of the form \( f(x) = a_n x^n + a_{n-1} x^{n-1} + \dots + a_1 x + a_0 \), where \( a_i \) are constants and \( n \) is a non-negative integer.

Fictional computer scientists are characters in literature, films, video games, and other media who are depicted as experts in the field of computer science. These characters can serve various roles: they may be hackers, programmers, researchers, or tech-savvy protagonists or antagonists who drive the plot forward through their technological skills.

T.H. Tse is a computer scientist known for his work in software engineering, formal methods, and the analysis of programming languages. He has significantly contributed to areas such as program verification, type systems, and software reliability. Notably, he is a professor at The University of Hong Kong and has published numerous scholarly articles and research papers in these fields. If you're looking for something specific about T.H.

"Software by year" typically refers to the categorization or listing of software that was released or became significant in a particular year. This can encompass a wide range of software types, including operating systems, applications, programming languages, video games, and more. To illustrate how software has evolved over the years, here are a few notable examples from various years: ### 1970s - **1971**: The first version of the Unix operating system.

The 1801 series refers to a family of microprocessors developed in the Soviet Union during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The design of these CPUs is based on the earlier 8080 architecture from Intel and they were used in various computing and embedded systems within the Soviet Union. One of the most notable processors in the 1801 series is the K1801VM1, which is a 16-bit microprocessor that supports integer and some floating-point operations.

The Dorodnitsyn Computing Centre is a prominent research institution in Russia, part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is located in Moscow and is known for its work in computational mathematics, computer science, and information technologies. The center focuses on various areas, including high-performance computing, numerical methods, mathematical modeling, and the development of computational systems and software. Named after the mathematician and computer scientist V.M.

Moscow State University of Instrument Engineering and Computer Science (MGUPI) is a higher educational institution located in Moscow, Russia, specializing in fields related to engineering, instrument making, and computer science. The university provides a range of academic programs that encompass information technology, computer engineering, automation, and various aspects of instrumentation engineering.

"Robic" can refer to a few different things, depending on the context. Here are a few possibilities: 1. **Robic (Brand)**: Robic is a brand that produces sports timing and measurement devices, particularly known for their stopwatch models. They offer a range of timers used in various sports and events.

Conditional expectation is a fundamental concept in probability theory and statistics that refers to the expected value of a random variable given that certain conditions or information are known. It captures the idea of updating our expectations based on additional information. Formally, if \( X \) is a random variable and \( Y \) is another random variable (or an event), the conditional expectation of \( X \) given \( Y \) is denoted as \( \mathbb{E}[X | Y] \).

In probability theory, conditioning refers to the process of updating probabilities when new information or evidence is provided. The idea is to understand how the probability of an event changes when we know that another event has occurred. This concept is fundamental in statistics, Bayesian inference, and various applications in fields such as machine learning, finance, and risk assessment.