Species Updated +Created
Technology bibliography Updated +Created
Formalization of mathematics Updated +Created
You start with a very small list of:
Using those rules, you choose a target string that you want to reach, and then try to reach it. Before the target string is reached, mathematicians call it a "conjecture".
Mathematicians call the list of transformation rules used to reach a string a "proof".
Since every step of the proof is very simple and can be verified by a computer automatically, the entire proof can also be automatically verified by a computer very easily.
Finding proofs however is undoubtedly an uncomputable problem.
Most mathematicians can't code or deal with the real world in general however, so they haven't created the obviously necessary: website front-end for a mathematical formal proof system.
The fact that Mathematics happens to be the best way to describe physics and that humans can use physical intuition heuristics to reach the NP-hard proofs of mathematics is one of the great miracles of the universe.
Once we have mathematics formally modelled, one of the coolest results is Gödel's incompleteness theorems, which states that for any reasonable proof system, there are necessarily theorems that cannot be proven neither true nor false starting from any given set of axioms: those theorems are independent from those axioms. Therefore, there are three possible outcomes for any hypothesis: true, false or independent!
Some famous theorems have even been proven to be independent of some famous axioms. One of the most notable is that the Continuum Hypothesis is independent from Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory! Such independence proofs rely on modelling the proof system inside another proof system, and forcing is one of the main techniques used for this.
Figure 1.
The landscape of modern Mathematics comic by Abstruse Goose
. Source. This comic shows that Mathematics is one of the most diversified areas of useless human knowledge.
Katla (TV series) Updated +Created
Quantum computer benchmark Updated +Created
One important area of research and development of quantum computing is the development of benchmarks that allow us to compare different quantum computers to decide which one is more powerful than the other.
Ideally, we would like to be able to have a single number that predicts which computer is more powerful than the other for a wide range of algorithms.
However, much like in CPU benchmarking, this is a very complex problem, since different algorithms might perform differently in different architectures, making it very hard to sum up the architecture's capabilities to a single number as we would like.
The only thing that is directly comparable across computers is how two machines perform for a single algorithm, but we want a single number that is representative of many algorithms.
For example, the number of qubits would be a simple naive choice of such performance predictor number. But it is very imprecise, since other factors are also very important:
  • qubit error rate
  • coherence time, which determines the maximum circuit depth
  • qubit connectivity. Can you only connect to 4 neighbouring qubits in a 2D plane? Or to every other qubit equally as well?
Quantum volume is another less naive attempt at such metric.
Asian meme Updated +Created
Church of England Updated +Created
Political division:
  • nominal leader: British monarch
  • toplevel arch-dioceses/provinces of Cantebury and York. One archbishop each, who is also bishop of Cantebury and York diocese
  • within provinces: one cathedral and bishop per diocese
Plasmid Updated +Created
Sin Updated +Created
Social media as a public utility Updated +Created
Unicode art Updated +Created
Visualizing the Riemann hypothesis and analytic continuation by 3Blue1Brown (2016) Updated +Created
Good ultra quick visual non-mathematical introduction to the Riemann hypothesis and analytic continuation.
Ciro Santilli's hardware / Shoes Updated +Created
For sizing see also: Ciro Santilli's body.
English (language) Updated +Created
Fermilab Updated +Created
Free will Updated +Created
Ciro Santilli does not believe in free will of course because he is an agnostic and he believes that brains are controlled by the laws of physics, see also: physics and the illusion of life.
Greek (language) Updated +Created

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