Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37

The second protein to have its structure determined, after myoglobin, by X-ray crystallography, in 1965.

Breaks up peptidoglycan present in the bacterial cell wall, which is thicker in Gram-positive bacteria, which is what this enzyme seems to target.

Part of the inate immune system.

It is present on basically everything that mammals and birds excrete, and it kills bacteria, both of which are reasons why it was discovered relatively early on.

One notable application: cryptocurrency, see e.g. how Bitcoin works.

A "miner message" is an inscription message left by a miner on a blockchain.

This is opposed to messages that may be left by non miners during transactions.

Miner messages are therefore of course much harder to control on established blockchains, as they basically require consensus in a mining pool to set. Most of them are just ads for the mining pool itself.

As of 2025, you can check if someone with a given name was at polytechnique and at which year at: programmes.polytechnique.edu/en/about/ecole-polytechnique/list-of-graduates

Wikipedia defines Mind uploading as a synonym for whole brain emulation. This sounds really weird, as "mind uploading" suggests much more simply brain dumping, or perhaps reuploading a brain dump to a brain.

Superintelligence by Nick Bostrom (2014) section "Whole brain emulation" provides a reasonable setup: post mortem, take a brain, freeze it, then cut it into fine slices with a Microtome, and then inspect slices with an electron microscope after some kind of staining to determine all the synapses.

Likely implies AGI.