Transmon Updated 2025-07-16
Used e.g. in the Sycamore processor.
The most basic type of transmon is in Ciro's ASCII art circuit diagram notation, an LC circuit e.g. as mentioned at youtu.be/cb_f9KpYipk?t=180 from Video "The transmon qubit by Leo Di Carlo (2018)":
+----------+
| Island 1 |
+----------+
| |
X C
| |
+----------+
| Island 2 |
+----------+youtu.be/eZJjQGu85Ps?t=2443 from Video "Superconducting Qubits I Part 1 by Zlatko Minev (2020)" describes a (possibly simplified) physical model of it, as two superconducting metal islands linked up by a Josephson junction marked as The circuit is then analogous to a LC circuit, with the islands being the capacitor. The Josephson junction functions as a non-linear inductor.
X in the diagram as per-Ciro's ASCII art circuit diagram notation:+-------+ +-------+
| | | |
| Q_1() |---X---| Q_2() |
| | | |
+-------+ +-------+Others define it with a SQUID device instead: youtu.be/cb_f9KpYipk?t=328 from Video "The transmon qubit by Leo Di Carlo (2018)". He mentions that this allows tuning the inductive element without creating a new device.
Trillium Notes Updated 2025-07-16
Originally at github.com/zadam/trilium, then after development stopped the community took it up at: github.com/TriliumNext/Notes.
Tree based organization at last. Infinitely deep.
Amazing WYSIWYG, including maths and tables, plus insane plugins like canvas mode, and specific file formats like code/mermaid diagrams/drawing mode.
Intentionally or not, they've basically made an open source Notion, with the possible exception that Notion historically started on web and moved to the desktop, while Trillium went the other way round.
Version history with automatic snapshots at intervals. TODO how is it implemented? Do they just ZIP multiple versions?
No multiuser features. Except for that, could have been a good starting point of an online multiuser thing such as OurBigBook.com!
With Book Notes it is possible possible to see more than one page at a time on the output, which his a major feature of OurBigBook. But does it show on HTML export as well?
You can static HTML export any subtree by right clicking on it in the navigation tree.
HTML export keeps all data as HTML is their native format. This may be inherited from CKEditor. The files are mostly visible, but there is some CSS missing, it is not 100% like editor, notably math is broken. There is also a hosted way of exposing: github.com/zadam/trilium/wiki/Sharing.
trilium.rocks however has a very good export, it is just a question of how much they had to hacked things, source at: github.com/zerebos/trilium.rocks
The default tHTML export uses frame navigation, with a toc fixed on the left frame. Efficient, but not of this century.
There is no concept of user created unique text IDs: you can have the same headers in the same folders in the UI. It's not even a matter of scopes. On exports they are differentiated as
1_name, 2_name, etc../Trilium Demo/Books/To read/1_HR.md
./Trilium Demo/Books/To read/2_HR.md
./Trilium Demo/Books/To read/HR.mdMarkdown export warns:
this preserves most of the formatting
Architecture: runs on local SQLite database via better-sqlite3. Data apparently stored in SQLite database at
~/.local/share/trilium-data, no raw files.Markup is stored as HTML as seen from:
sqlite3 document.db 'SELECT * from note_contents'. HTML is their native storage format, quite interesting. But this means it is not source centric, so any source editing would have to go via import/export. It can be done apparently: github.com/zadam/trilium/wiki/Markdown but involves shoving a ZIP around.WYSIWYG based on ckeditor.com/ which is a dependency. It is kind of cool that the view in which you view the output is exactly the same as the one you edit in, and there is no intermediate format, just the HTML.
Math is KaTeX based.
It also runs on the browser via a server: github.com/zadam/trilium/wiki/Server-installation. And they have a paid service for it at: trilium.cc/. Quite impressive.
They have server to from desktop sync: github.com/zadam/trilium/wiki/synchronization. There is no conflict resolution, one of them wins randomly. But they have revision history, and anything lost will be in the revision history. They have so many features it is mind blowing.
Maintainer announced he would be slowing down development since January 2024: github.com/zadam/trilium/issues/4620?ref=selfh.st
x86 Paging Tutorial PAE and PSE page table schemes Updated 2025-07-16
If either PAE and PSE are active, different paging level schemes are used:
- no PAE and no PSE:
10 | 10 | 12 - no PAE and PSE:
10 | 22.22 is the offset within the 4Mb page, since 22 bits address 4Mb. - PAE and no PSE:
2 | 9 | 9 | 12The design reason why 9 is used twice instead of 10 is that now entries cannot fit anymore into 32 bits, which were all filled up by 20 address bits and 12 meaningful or reserved flag bits.The reason is that 20 bits are not enough anymore to represent the address of page tables: 24 bits are now needed because of the 4 extra wires added to the processor.Therefore, the designers decided to increase entry size to 64 bits, and to make them fit into a single page table it is necessary reduce the number of entries to 2^9 instead of 2^10. - PAE and PSE:
2 | 9 | 21
1965 Nobel Prize in Physics laureate Updated 2025-07-16
How to use an Oxford Nanopore MinION to extract DNA from river water and determine which bacteria live in it Sequencing Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli's cheapness Updated 2025-07-16
When Ciro was a teenager, he was extremely cheap e.g. for clothes, food and video games even tough his family didn't have bad financial conditions.
This was mostly to save the world by not wasting resources that other people in need could use, and to save money so he could have more money to do more of whatever he wanted without the obligation to work.
But Ciro admits that shocking people with the incredible level of low quality goods was also fun.
Ciro changed after he came to Europe, especially in regards to food, perhaps corrupted by the fact that now the best chocolates, cheeses and breads in the world were not much more expensive than the cheapest brand you could buy. He still hates clothes that are just to look good like costumes though.
Living close to a small favela, São Remo, the favela next to USP, helped Ciro get frighteningly cheap goods on the shop frequented by the favela neighbours.
One legendary story is that of when his flatmate dropped some past on the kitchen floor, and the bowl broke, but Ciro prevented the flatmate from throwing it away and ate some of it nevertheless. What spooked them out the most was Ciro's statement that the pasta now had a crunchy glass shard texture to it.
Closed source is less bad on online services Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli can accept closed source on server products more easily than offline, because the servers have to be paid for somehow (by stealing your private data).
Euler-Mascheroni constant Updated 2025-07-16
Impenetrable Bose Gas Updated 2025-07-16
Linear polynomial Updated 2025-07-16
Linux distribution buildable from source Updated 2025-07-16
As of 2020, no one knows how to build the major desktop distros fully from source into the ISO, and especially so in a reproducible build way. Everything is done in build servers somewhere with complicated layers of prebuilds. It's crap.
List of Nobel Prizes in Chemistry Updated 2025-07-16
Non-relativistic quantum mechanics Updated 2025-07-16
The first quantum mechanics theories developed.
Their most popular formulation has been the Schrödinger equation.
NoSQL Updated 2025-07-16
PyZX Updated 2025-07-16
Turing complete Updated 2025-07-16
Turing machine regex tape notation Updated 2025-07-16
Turing machine regex tape notation is Ciro Santilli's made up name for the notation used e.g. at:Most of it is just regular regular expression notation, with a few differences:
- denotes the right or left edge of the (zero initialized) tape. It is often omitted as we always just assume it is always present on both sides of every regex
A,B,C,DandEdenotes the current machine state. This is especially common notation in the context of the BB(5) problem<and>next to the state indicate if the head is on top of the left or right element. E.g.:indicates that the head11 (01)^n <A 00 (0011)^{n+2}Ais on top of the last1of the last sequence of n01s to the left of the head.
This notation is very useful, as it helps compress long repeated sequences of Turing machine tape and extract higher level patterns from them, which is how you go about understanding a Turing machine in order to apply Turing machine acceleration.
x86 Paging Tutorial Page faults Updated 2025-07-16
When an exception happens, the CPU jumps to an address that the OS had previously registered as the fault handler. This is usually done at boot time by the OS.
This could happen for example due to a programming error:but there are cases where it is not a bug, for example in Linux when:
int *is = malloc(1);
is[2] = 1;- the program wants to increase its stack.
- the page was swapped to disk.The OS will need to do some work behind the processes back to get the page back into RAM.
x86 Paging Tutorial Page size choice Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli's cooking Roasted nuts Updated 2025-07-16
All with olive oil and salt mixed up before roasting.
2021-04-05 180C:
2021-02-06 180C:
2021-01-04:
2020-11-21:
- mixed nuts: 180C, 10 minutes, did not reach the point. Then 7 more minutes on 190C: pecans completely burned out
- almonds: 190C, about 25 minutes, opened several times, in the end had a slight burnt taste, but did not get black, just darker brown. Not as crispy as the ones we buy roasted, but pretty good
- pecans: 180C, 13 minutes, opened 3 times to stir, became great
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