Network switch Updated 2025-07-16
A switch is a box with a bunch of Ethernet wires coming into it:Except that it doesn't have to be Ethernet, e.g. it would also be a Wi-Fi.
+--------------------+
| +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ |
| |1| |2| |3| |4| |
| +-+ +-+ +-+ +-+ |
+--------------------+What the switch does is:
After the destination is found, a confirmation is somehow sent back to the switch, which then learns which wire to send each MAC address to.
A switch is a bit like a router but it is a bit dumber/operates at a lower level: it basically operates only on MAC addresses, not on IP addresses.
The Internet service provider boxes most people have at home combines a switch for the local network and a router for the ISP communication.
Networking hardware company Updated 2025-07-16
Server (computing) Updated 2025-07-16
Neuron Updated 2025-07-16
Spinal cord Updated 2025-07-16
GenBank Updated 2025-07-16
Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) Updated 2025-07-16
FFmpeg Updated 2025-07-16
As a result, Ciro Santilli who likes "lower level stuff", has had many many hours if image manipulation fun with this software, see e.g.:
ImageMagick Updated 2025-07-16
Developmental biology Updated 2025-07-16
Where is Anatomy Encoded in Living Systems? by Michael Levin (2022)
Source. - we are very far from full understanding. End game is a design system where you draw the body and it compiles the DNA for you.
- some cool mentions of regeneration
Chimera (genetics) Updated 2025-07-16
Germline and somatic cells Updated 2025-07-16
The simplest multicellular species Updated 2025-07-16
One of the simplest known seems to be: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichoplax
www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/articles/a_00220.html "The simplest multicellular organism unveiled" from 2013 mentions Tetrabaena socialis.
- youtu.be/1v6cgSkiHik?t=513 multicellularity is polyphyletic, e.g. evolved separately on plants, fungi and animals.
- youtu.be/1v6cgSkiHik?t=668 describes how unicellular organism choanoflagellates form colony, and how animals are characterized by certain key types of cellular interaction: adhesion, communication, regulation (cell differentiation) and extra cellular matrix production
Colony (biology) Updated 2025-07-16
It is hard to distinguish between colonies of unicellular organism and multicellular organism as there is a continuum between both depending on how well integrated they cells are.
Multicellularity is polyphyletic Updated 2025-07-16
From Wikipedia:and:
Multicellularity has evolved independently at least 25 times in eukaryotes
Complex multicellular organisms evolved only in six eukaryotic groups: animals, symbiomycotan fungi, brown algae, red algae, green algae, and land plants.
Flow cytometry Updated 2025-07-16
Flow Cytometry Animation by StarCellBio (2015)
Source. Fluorescent protein Updated 2025-07-16
Staining Updated 2025-07-16
Molecular biology laboratory equipment Updated 2025-07-16
Lines through origin model of the real projective plane Updated 2025-07-16
This is the standard model.
There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.