Second generation immigrant Updated +Created
Our definition: first generation to be born in country parent immigrated to.
Figure 1.
We go forward by Owlturd
. Source.
Being a first generation immigrant, this cartoon does make Ciro think about the future of his children.
Immigrating is incredibly time consuming and direclty limits what you can do in life later on. One can only hope that their children will take advantage of the new opportunities provided to them.
The author apparently self deleted his site at some point unfortnately: www.reddit.com/r/OutOfTheLoop/comments/7dyslp/apparently_shen_from_owlturd_is_going_on_hiatus/
Company with a semiconductor fabrication plant Updated +Created
A list of fabs can be seen at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_semiconductor_fabrication_plants and basically summarizes all the companies that have fabs.
Competition law Updated +Created
Complex coordinate space Updated +Created
Microwave oven Updated +Created
Video 1.
How Microwaves Work by National MagLab (2017)
Source. A bit meh. Does not mention the word cavity magnetron!
Video 2.
How a Microwave Oven Works by EngineerGuy
. Source. Cool demonstration of the standing waves in the cavity with cheese!
The simplest multicellular species Updated +Created
One of the simplest known seems to be: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichoplax
www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/articles/a_00220.html "The simplest multicellular organism unveiled" from 2013 mentions Tetrabaena socialis.
Then of course: Caenorhabditis elegans is a relatively simple and widely studied model organism.
Video 1.
Nicole King (UC Berkeley, HHMI) 1: The origin of animal multicellularity by iBiology (2015)
Source.
1902 Nobel Prize in Physics Updated +Created
ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge dataset Updated +Created
Contains 1,281,167 images and exactly 1k categories which is why this dataset is also known as ImageNet1k: datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/47458/what-is-the-difference-between-imagenet-and-imagenet1k-how-to-download-it
www.kaggle.com/competitions/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/overview clarifies a bit further how the categories are inter-related according to WordNet relationships:
The 1000 object categories contain both internal nodes and leaf nodes of ImageNet, but do not overlap with each other.
image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php lists all 1k labels with their WordNet IDs.
n02119789: kit fox, Vulpes macrotis
n02100735: English setter
n02096294: Australian terrier
There is a bug on that page however towards the middle:
n03255030: dumbbell
href="ht:
n02102040: English springer, English springer spaniel
and there is one missing label if we ignore that dummy href= line. A thinkg of beauty!
Also the lines are not sorted by synset, if we do then the first three lines are:
n01440764: tench, Tinca tinca
n01443537: goldfish, Carassius auratus
n01484850: great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias
gist.github.com/aaronpolhamus/964a4411c0906315deb9f4a3723aac57 has lines of type:
n02119789 1 kit_fox
n02100735 2 English_setter
n02110185 3 Siberian_husky
therefore numbered on the exact same order as image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php
gist.github.com/yrevar/942d3a0ac09ec9e5eb3a lists all 1k labels as a plaintext file with their benchmark IDs.
{0: 'tench, Tinca tinca',
 1: 'goldfish, Carassius auratus',
 2: 'great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias',
therefore numbered on sorted order of image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/browse-synsets.php
The official line numbering in-benchmark-data can be seen at LOC_synset_mapping.txt, e.g. www.kaggle.com/competitions/imagenet-object-localization-challenge/data?select=LOC_synset_mapping.txt
n01440764 tench, Tinca tinca
n01443537 goldfish, Carassius auratus
n01484850 great white shark, white shark, man-eater, man-eating shark, Carcharodon carcharias
huggingface.co/datasets/imagenet-1k also has some useful metrics on the split:
  • train: 1,281,167 images, 145.7 GB zipped
  • validation: 50,000 images, 6.67 GB zipped
  • test: 100,000 images, 13.5 GB zipped
Monster group Updated +Created
Video 1.
Group theory, abstraction, and the 196,883-dimensional monster by 3Blue1Brown (2020)
Source. Too basic, starts motivating groups themselves, therefore does not give anything new or rare.
Symmetric matrix Updated +Created
Fields Medal Updated +Created
That 15,000 canadian dollar prize though, what a joke!!
Hilbert's tenth problem Updated +Created
Once you hear about the uncomputability of such problems, it makes you see that all Diophantine equation questions risk being undecidable, though in some simpler cases we manage to come up with answers. The feeling is similar to watching people trying to solve the Halting problem, e.g. in the effort to determine BB(5).
Kyoto medal Updated +Created
Web portal Updated +Created
Compton scattering Updated +Created
Classic theory predicts that the output frequency must be the same as the input one since the electromagnetic wave makes the electron vibrate with same frequency as itself, which then irradiates further waves.
But the output waves are longer because photons are discrete and energy is proportional to frequency:
The formula is exactly that of two relativistic billiard balls colliding.
Therefore this is evidence that photons exist and have momentum.
Video 1.
Compton Scattering by Compton Scattering (2017)
Source. Experiment with a caesium-137 source.
Video 2.
L3.3 Compton Scattering by Barton Zwiebach (2017)
Source.
Euclidean algorithm Updated +Created
Fabless manufacturing Updated +Created
In the past, most computer designers would have their own fabs.
But once designs started getting very complicated, it started to make sense to separate concerns between designers and fabs.
What this means is that design companies would primarily write register transfer level, then use electronic design automation tools to get a final manufacturable chip, and then send that to the fab.
It is in this point of time that TSMC came along, and benefied and helped establish this trend.
The term "Fabless" could in theory refer to other areas of industry besides the semiconductor industry, but it is mostly used in that context.
Greatest common divisor Updated +Created
The "greatest common divisor" of two integers and , denoted is the largest natural number that divides both of the integers.
For example, is 4, because:
  • 4 divides both 8 and 12
  • and this is not the case for any number larger than 4. E.g.:
    • 5 divides neither one
    • 6 divides 12
    • 7 divides neither
    • 8 divides only 8
    and so on.
Trinity (nuclear test) Updated +Created
Plutonium-based.
Its plutonium was produced at Hanford site.
Video 1.
Trinity Test Preparations by AtomicHeritage (2016)
Source. Appears to be a compilation of several videos, presumably each with their own separate LA-UR, though these are not noted. Credited: "Video courtesy of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Archives", TODO how to search that archive online?
Video 2.
Trinity: Getting The Job Done
. Source. Good video, clarifies several interesting technical points:

There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.