This is how you transform the Lagrangian into the Hamiltonian.
Subtle is the Lord by Abraham Pais (1982) chapter 4 "Entropy and Probability" mentions well how Boltzmann first thought that the second law was an actual base physical law of the universe while he was calculating numerical stuff for it, including as late as 1872.
But then he saw an argument by Johann Joseph Loschmidt that given the time reversibility of classical mechanics, and because they were thinking of atoms as classical balls as in the kinetic theory of gases, then there always exist a valid physical state where entropy decreases, by just reversing the direction of time and all particle speeds.
So from this he understood that the second law can only be probabilistic, and not a fundamental law of physics, which he published clearly in 1877.
Respect on the technical side by Ciro Santilli.
But the way he treated his first wife Justine Musk, is very very weird, incomprehensible: www.marieclaire.com/sex-love/a5380/millionaire-starter-wife/
Positive Cirocoins for possibly going to reverse Twitter's unfair Trump ban if his Twitter acquisition goes through:
Xavier Niel, Iliad - Free: Je suis un casseur de monopoles by DECIDEURSTV (2011)
Source. Title translation: "I'm a hunter of monopolies".Ciro Santilli learned this expression from Angry Video Game Nerd.
The general result from eigendecomposition of a matrix:becomes:where is an orthogonal matrix, and therefore has .
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