Calligraphic projection
Calligraphic projection, often referred to as "cavalier projection," is a graphical technique used in technical drawing and computer graphics to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions. This type of projection maintains the scale of one axis, typically the depth axis, while the other two axes (usually horizontal and vertical) are represented at an angle, typically 45 degrees to the plane of projection.
Campimeter
A campimeter is a device used in ophthalmology to measure the visual field of the eye. It is designed to assess peripheral vision and can help detect visual field defects caused by various conditions like glaucoma, retinal diseases, and neurological disorders. The test typically involves an individual looking straight ahead while a series of lights or stimuli are presented in different areas of their peripheral vision. The responses to these stimuli are recorded to create a visual field map, which helps in diagnosing and monitoring eye conditions.
Catadioptric sensor
A catadioptric sensor refers to a type of imaging sensor that uses a combination of lenses (dioptric) and mirrors (catoptric) to capture images. The term "catadioptric" itself typically describes optical systems that use both refraction (bending of light through lenses) and reflection (bouncing of light off mirrors) to form images.
Celor lens
The Celor lens is a type of optical lens that is often associated with camera systems and photography, particularly in the context of film photography. It is known for its ability to produce images with certain optical characteristics, such as sharpness and contrast. The term "Celor" can also refer to specific models of lenses used in vintage cameras or in particular photographic applications. However, without specific context, it is difficult to provide detailed information.
Chinese Optics Letters
Chinese Optics Letters is a scientific journal that publishes research articles in the field of optics and photonics. It covers a wide range of topics, including but not limited to, optical materials, devices, imaging, laser technology, and photonic applications. The journal aims to provide a platform for researchers to share their findings and advancements in optical science and technology, fostering collaboration and innovation.
Cladding (fiber optics)
In fiber optics, **cladding** refers to the outer optical layer that surrounds the central core of an optical fiber. The core is the light-carrying part of the fiber, typically made of glass or plastic, and it is designed to transmit light signals. The cladding, on the other hand, is made from a different type of glass or plastic material that has a lower refractive index than the core.
Coefficient of utilization
The Coefficient of Utilization (CU) is a metric used in lighting design to measure how effectively the light output from luminaires (light fixtures) contributes to the illuminance level on the work surface. It is defined as the ratio of the illumination on a specific surface to the total light output emitted by the luminaries.
Coupling parameter
The term "coupling parameter" can refer to different concepts depending on the context in which it is used. Below are a few common contexts where the term may apply: 1. **Physics and Quantum Mechanics**: In this realm, a coupling parameter often represents the strength of an interaction between particles or fields. For example, in quantum field theory, it quantifies the interaction strength in a Lagrangian or Hamiltonian.
Cross-phase modulation
Cross-phase modulation (XPM) is a nonlinear optical phenomenon that occurs in optical fibers and other nonlinear media. It arises when two or more optical signals (or channels) co-propagate through a nonlinear medium, such as a fiber optic cable. The intensity of one signal can affect the phase of another signal due to the nonlinear dependence of the refractive index on the intensity of the light.
Crystal monochromator
A **crystal monochromator** is an optical device used to select specific wavelengths (or energies) of X-rays, gamma rays, or other forms of electromagnetic radiation from a broader spectrum of wavelengths produced by a source. It relies on the principle of diffraction, where incoming radiation interacts with the regular crystal lattice structure of a crystalline material.
Dark current (physics)
Dark current refers to the small amount of electric current that flows through a photodetector (such as a photodiode or a CCD—charge-coupled device) even when no photons are incident on the device. This current is a result of thermally generated charge carriers and can occur in various types of detectors.
Christophe Soulé
Christophe Soulé is a French mathematician known for his contributions to various areas of mathematics, including algebraic geometry, arithmetic geometry, and number theory. He has published numerous research papers and is involved in the mathematical community through teaching and collaboration.
La Boutique fantasque
"La Boutique fantasque" (The Fantastical Shop) is a ballet choreographed by Léonide Massine, with music by Igor Stravinsky. It was originally created in 1919 as a choreography for a suite from Rossini’s operas, specifically adapted from a work known as "Il viaggio a Reims" and some overtures and other pieces by Rossini.
First-surface mirror
A first-surface mirror is a type of mirror in which the reflective coating is applied directly to the front surface of the substrate, typically glass or acrylic. This design contrasts with a second-surface mirror, where the reflective coating is applied to the back side of the glass. ### Key Characteristics of First-Surface Mirrors: 1. **Reflective Quality:** - First-surface mirrors provide a clearer and more precise reflection because there is no distortion caused by the substrate.
Intramodal dispersion
Intramodal dispersion, also known as modal dispersion, is a phenomenon that occurs in multimode optical fibers, where signals transmitted over different modes of the fiber arrive at different times. This results from the fact that light can travel through the fiber along various paths or modes, each having a slightly different length and propagation velocity. In multimode fibers, there are multiple paths that the light can take, and these paths can lead to differences in travel time for the light signals.
Inverted microscope
An inverted microscope is a type of microscope that has its objectives located below the stage and the light source above the stage. This design allows for the observation of specimens that are placed in a dish or on a slide from beneath, which is particularly advantageous for viewing living cells and organisms in culture.
Porro–Abbe prism
The Porro–Abbe prism is an optical component commonly found in binoculars and other optical devices. It is a type of roof prism system that combines the functions of image inversion and image rotation. The prism system is designed to bend the incoming light path in a way that allows for a more compact design, enabling a shorter overall length of the optical instrument. The Porro–Abbe prism typically consists of two prisms arranged in a specific orientation.
Power-law index profile
A power-law index profile refers to a mathematical representation that describes how a certain variable decreases or increases according to a power law. In many contexts, particularly in physics, biology, and network theory, power-law distributions are observed, where events or quantities exhibit a relationship characterized by a small number of occurrences of high magnitude and a large number of occurrences of low magnitude.
Power-over-fiber
Power-over-Fiber (PoF) is a technology that allows for the transmission of power and data over optical fiber cables. This is similar in concept to Power-over-Ethernet (PoE), but instead of using copper cables, PoF utilizes fiber optics to deliver electrical power alongside data signals. ### How It Works: 1. **Light Source**: A specific type of light source, such as a laser or LED, is used to convert electrical power into optical signals.
Progress in Optics
Progress in Optics is a well-known series of scholarly books that focus on various topics within the field of optics and photonics.