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Dodgson condensation, named after the British mathematician Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (also known as Lewis Carroll), is a technique in combinatorial mathematics applied to determinants, particularly in the context of matrices. It is a method for computing determinants by reducing the size of a matrix through a process of manipulation, which involves selecting specific entries from the determinant.

The 2nd meridian east is a line of longitude that is 2 degrees east of the Prime Meridian, which is located at 0 degrees longitude. Meridians are imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole, and they are used in geography and navigation to help define locations on the Earth's surface. The 2nd meridian east passes through several countries in Europe and Africa.

Radiation burn, also known as radiation dermatitis or radiodermatitis, is a type of skin damage that occurs due to exposure to ionizing radiation or radiation from medical treatments, such as radiation therapy for cancer. The severity of radiation burns can vary widely depending on factors such as the dose of radiation received, the duration of exposure, the area of the body affected, and individual skin sensitivity.

Carbon film technology refers to the use of carbon-based materials, often in thin film form, for various applications in electronics, optics, and materials science. The carbon film itself can be composed of different allotropes or forms of carbon, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or amorphous carbon. These films can exhibit unique properties, including high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength.

Anatoly B. Kolomeisky is a prominent physicist known for his extensive research in the fields of theoretical and computational biophysics, particularly in the areas related to molecular motors, molecular crowding, and more broadly, statistical physics and soft matter. His work often involves the development of theoretical models to understand complex biological processes at a molecular level. He has published numerous scientific papers and has made significant contributions to the understanding of how biological systems operate under the laws of physics and chemistry.

Belarus has a rich mathematical heritage, and several notable mathematicians made significant contributions during the 20th century. Here are a few prominent figures: 1. **Pavlo S. V. Nikol'skii (1918–2006)** - An influential mathematician known for his work in functional analysis, approximation theory, and the theory of functions. His research contributed to various fields within mathematical analysis. 2. **Vladimir I.

The 20th century saw several notable Bulgarian mathematicians who made significant contributions to various fields of mathematics. Here are a few key figures: 1. **Georgi Nagy (1892–1989)** - A prominent mathematician known for his work in functional analysis and operator theory. He was a member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and contributed to the development of mathematics in Bulgaria.

The 20th century was a significant period for Czech mathematics, marked by contributions from several prominent mathematicians. Here are a few notable figures: 1. **Emil Artin (1898-1962)**: Although born in Austria, Artin had strong connections to Czech mathematics and spent part of his career at Charles University in Prague. He is known for his work in algebra, particularly in algebraic number theory and group theory. 2. **Klaus F.

"Introduction to the Theory of Error-Correcting Codes" is likely a reference to a text or course that focuses on the mathematical foundations and applications of error-correcting codes in information theory and telecommunications. Error-correcting codes are crucial for ensuring data integrity and reliability in digital communications and storage systems.

Anil Kakodkar is an eminent Indian nuclear scientist and engineer known for his significant contributions to India's nuclear program. He has played a prominent role in various capacities within India's Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and has been involved in key projects related to nuclear technology. Kakodkar served as the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India and has been instrumental in advancing India's nuclear research and development efforts, particularly in the areas of reactor design and safety.

The number 208 is an integer that follows 207 and precedes 209. It can be broken down into various mathematical representations: 1. **Basic Properties**: - It is an even number. - It is a composite number (meaning it has divisors other than 1 and itself).

Gavin O'Keefe could refer to various individuals depending on the context, as it is not a widely recognized name associated with a specific event or notable figure. Without more context, it's challenging to provide a definitive answer.

Radiation proctitis is an inflammation of the rectum that occurs as a result of radiation therapy, typically used to treat cancers located in the pelvis, such as prostate, cervical, or rectal cancer. The condition can develop shortly after treatment (acute radiation proctitis) or may appear months or years later (chronic radiation proctitis).

Radiation colitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the colon (large intestine) that occurs as a result of radiation therapy, often employed to treat cancers in the abdominal or pelvic regions, such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, or gynecological cancers. The radiation can damage the cells of the colon, leading to a series of symptoms and complications.

Low field magnetoresistance (LFMR) refers to the change in electrical resistance of a material when subjected to a weak external magnetic field. This phenomenon is often observed in certain types of materials, especially in ferromagnetic and semiconductor systems. ### Key Points: 1. **Definition**: LFMR involves a measurable change in resistance when exposed to a magnetic field that is relatively small compared to the magnetic fields usually involved in magnetoresistance studies.

As of my last knowledge update in October 2023, Avadh Saxena does not refer to a widely recognized public figure, event, or concept. It's possible that he could be a private individual, or you could be referring to a lesser-known or emerging personality, organization, or topic that gained prominence after that date.

André Bandrauk is a notable figure in the field of chemistry, specifically recognized for his contributions to theoretical chemistry and quantum mechanics. He is known for his research on the dynamics of molecular systems, particularly involving ultrafast processes and the interaction of light with matter. Bandrauk's work often explores how molecular behavior can be understood and predicted using advanced mathematical and computational techniques.

"Browder J. Thompson" does not appear to refer to a widely recognized concept, individual, or entity based on common knowledge up to my last update in October 2023.

The 21st century has seen numerous Armenian mathematicians making significant contributions across various fields of mathematics. Here are a few notable figures and their contributions: 1. **Artur Avetisyan**: Known for his work in mathematical analysis and functional equations, Avetisyan has contributed to various mathematical journals and conferences. 2. **Vahan G.