Children: Bioinformatics
The GOR method, which stands for Gas-Oil Ratio method, is primarily used in petroleum engineering to evaluate reservoirs and estimate the performance of oil and gas wells. The gas-oil ratio (GOR) is defined as the volume of gas that is produced per unit of oil and is typically expressed in standard cubic feet of gas per barrel of oil (scf/bbl).
GenBank is a comprehensive public database that houses a vast collection of nucleotide sequences and their corresponding protein translations. It is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) in the United States. GenBank serves as a crucial resource for researchers and scientists, providing access to sequences from a wide array of organisms, including bacteria, plants, animals, and viruses.
Gene Designer is a software application developed for the design and analysis of biological sequences, particularly for synthetic biology and genetic engineering. It provides tools for researchers and scientists to create, visualize, and simulate gene constructs, allowing them to design DNA sequences for various purposes, such as creating genetically modified organisms, developing gene therapies, and engineering proteins with desired properties.
Gene Ontology (GO) Term Enrichment is a statistical analysis technique used to determine whether specific biological processes, cellular components, or molecular functions are overrepresented (enriched) or underrepresented in a particular set of genes or gene products compared to a broader reference set, usually the entire genome or a specific biological context. The Gene Ontology project provides a comprehensive vocabulary to describe gene product attributes across all species.
A gene co-expression network is a biological network that represents the relationship between genes based on their expression levels across different conditions, time points, or samples. In such a network, nodes represent genes, and edges (connections between nodes) indicate a correlation or co-expression between those genes. ### Key Features of Gene Co-expression Networks: 1. **Nodes and Edges**: - **Nodes**: Each node in the network corresponds to a specific gene.
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) is a computational method used to identify whether a predefined set of genes shows statistically significant differences in expression under different biological conditions, such as diseased versus healthy states or various treatments. The goal of GSEA is to determine whether genes that share common biological functions, chromosomal locations, or regulation are overrepresented (enriched) within a specific group of genes that have been identified as being significantly different between conditions.
Gene Transfer Format (GTF) is a file format used for storing information about gene structure and annotations. It is commonly used in bioinformatics, particularly in the context of representing genomic annotations for genes, transcripts, and other features. GTF is often seen in conjunction with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and is especially related to the analysis of RNA-Seq data. A GTF file consists of a series of lines, each representing a different feature of a genome.
The General Data Format for Biomedical Signals (GDF) is a standardized file format designed for the storage and exchange of biomedical signals. It provides a structured way to represent various types of physiological signals, such as electroencephalograms (EEG), electromyograms (EMG), and other biomedical data. The main purpose of the GDF format is to facilitate interoperability between different software tools and systems used in biomedical research and clinical practice.
The General Feature Format (GFF) is a file format used for describing the features of biological sequences, such as genes and their various elements. It is widely utilized in bioinformatics for the annotation of genomic data and can accommodate diverse types of information related to sequence features. The GFF format consists of a series of lines, each representing a single feature, with fields separated by tabs.
Genome-based peptide fingerprint scanning is a method used in proteomics to identify and characterize proteins based on the peptides they produce. The approach typically involves several key steps: 1. **Genomic Sequencing**: The genome of an organism is sequenced to identify the DNA sequences that code for proteins (genes). 2. **Protein Prediction**: Using bioinformatics tools, the genomic data is analyzed to predict the protein coding sequences and the corresponding peptides.
Genome@home was a distributed computing project aimed at analyzing the human genome and related biological processes. It allowed volunteers to contribute their personal computer processing power to help researchers perform complex computations necessary for genomic analysis, including tasks such as protein folding, simulation of molecular interactions, and other bioinformatics research. The project was similar in concept to other distributed computing initiatives, like SETI@home, wherein users would download a client application to their computers that would run analyses in the background while utilizing idle CPU power.
Genome informatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines elements of genomics, bioinformatics, computer science, and data analysis to study and analyze genomic data. It involves the use of computational tools and techniques to store, retrieve, manipulate, and analyze large volumes of genomic information generated by sequencing technologies and other methodologies.
Genome survey sequencing (GSS) is a technique used to obtain a preliminary assessment of the genetic content of an organism's genome. This method typically involves sequencing a small portion of the genome, or specific regions of interest, to gather information about its structure, function, and organization without the need for full genome sequencing.
Geometric morphometrics is a quantitative approach used in anthropology and other fields, primarily to study the shapes and forms of biological structures. It involves the statistical analysis of geometric data to understand biological variations in shape, which can be particularly useful for examining morphological changes over time, differences between populations, or adaptations to environmental pressures.
The German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (de.NBI) is a collaborative initiative that aims to provide bioinformatics services, resources, and expertise for researchers in Germany and beyond. Established to support the growing field of bioinformatics, de.NBI offers a wide range of tools and services that facilitate the analysis and interpretation of biological data. Key components of de.NBI include: 1. **Infrastructure**: de.
The Global Distance Test (GDT) is a computational method used primarily in the field of bioinformatics, particularly in protein structure prediction and evaluation. It measures the similarity between two protein structures by determining the distance between corresponding atoms in the structures being compared. The key features of the Global Distance Test include: 1. **Distance Matrix Comparison**: GDT calculates the distance between pairs of residues in two superimposed protein structures. It focuses on the spatial arrangement of atoms to quantify structural similarity.
Glycoinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that combines glycomics, which is the study of glycan structures and their functions, with bioinformatics tools and methodologies. Glycans, or carbohydrates, are essential biomolecules that play crucial roles in various biological processes, including cell signaling, immune response, and disease progression. Glycoinformatics focuses on the computational analysis, interpretation, and visualization of glycan structures, networks, and their interactions.
GoPubMed is a search engine that specializes in retrieving biomedical literature from the PubMed database. It combines advanced searching capabilities with semantic technologies, allowing users to find relevant research articles and information more efficiently. GoPubMed enables users to explore topics by using various filters, taxonomies, and concepts, making it easier to navigate through a vast amount of medical and scientific literature.
Haar-like features are a type of simple rectangular feature used in computer vision, particularly in object detection tasks, such as face detection. They were popularized by the Viola-Jones object detection framework, which utilizes these features for rapid detection of objects in images. ### Characteristics of Haar-like Features: 1. **Structure**: Haar-like features are essentially the difference in intensity between rectangular regions of an image. They are computed as differences of sums of pixels in these regions.
Haplogroup M8 is a designation in the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup classification system. Haplogroups are used by geneticists to trace the ancestry and migration patterns of human populations based on specific genetic markers in mitochondrial DNA, which is inherited matrilineally (from mother to children). Haplogroup M predominantly arises from the broader M haplogroup, which is believed to have originated in Asia around 60,000 years ago.