Children: Scattering
Phonon scattering refers to the process by which phonons, which are quantized modes of vibrations occurring in a material (often modeled as sound waves or thermal vibrations), interact with impurities, defects, or other phonons in a solid. It plays a crucial role in determining the thermal and electrical properties of materials, especially in solids.
Polymer scattering refers to the process by which polymers (large molecules composed of repeating structural units, typically connected by covalent chemical bonds) scatter light or other forms of radiation when they interact with them. This phenomenon is important in several fields, including materials science, chemistry, and biological sciences, as it can provide valuable information about the structure, size, and properties of polymer materials.
The R (cross section ratio) is a term commonly used in particle physics to describe the ratio of two different cross sections, which are measurements of the probability of a particular interaction occurring between particles.
Rutherford scattering is a phenomenon observed in the early 20th century that provided critical insights into the structure of the atom. It was first conducted by the physicist Ernest Rutherford in 1909 during experiments designed to investigate the properties of atomic structure, particularly the nucleus. In the experiment, Rutherford directed a beam of alpha particles (which are positively charged helium nuclei) at a thin foil of gold.
The Sanford–Wang parameterization is a specific method used in atmospheric science and fluid dynamics to represent the effects of small-scale processes in larger-scale models. It is often applied in the context of convection and turbulence modeling, particularly in the study of clouds and precipitation. Parameterizations are commonly used to simplify the complex physical processes that occur in the atmosphere, allowing for more manageable computations in numerical weather prediction and climate models.
A scattering channel generally refers to a medium or environment in which signals (like electromagnetic waves, sound waves, or particles) are dispersed or scattered due to interaction with obstacles or irregularities within that medium. This concept is widely used in various fields, including communications, physics, and radar systems. ### Key Aspects of Scattering Channels: 1. **Nature of Scattering**: In a scattering channel, incoming signals encounter surfaces or particles that cause them to deviate from their original path.
Scattering from rough surfaces is a phenomenon that occurs when waves, such as electromagnetic waves (including light) or sound waves, encounter a surface that has irregularities or roughness. This roughness can lead to a complex interaction between the incoming wave and the surface, resulting in the wave being scattered in various directions instead of being reflected or transmitted uniformly. **Key Concepts in Scattering from Rough Surfaces:** 1.
The Schwinger variational principle is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, particularly in the field of quantum field theory and statistical mechanics. It is named after the physicist Julian Schwinger. The principle provides a systematic way to derive functional forms of the dynamical laws of a system by using the properties of quantum states.
Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) is a process in particle physics that involves the scattering of high-energy leptons (such as electrons or muons) off hadrons (such as protons or neutrons) in the presence of an associated hadronic final state. This means that in addition to the scattered lepton, one or more particles are produced in the final state, such as charged particles or neutral hadrons (like pions or kaons).
The Sherman function, often referred to in the context of mathematics, particularly in number theory, is associated with the concept of arithmetic functions. It is commonly defined in relation to number theory, combinatorics, and sometimes even in more abstract fields such as algebraic geometry.
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is a facility designed to produce neutrons for scientific research through a process known as spallation. At the SNS, neutrons are generated when high-energy protons, produced by a particle accelerator, collide with a target material—typically composed of heavy metals like mercury or tungsten. The impact of the protons causes the target nuclei to eject neutrons, which can then be used for various experiments.
Static light scattering (SLS) is a technique used to study the size and spatial distribution of particles in a solution, including polymers, colloids, proteins, and nanoparticles. It provides information about the molecular weight, size distribution, and conformation of these particles without the need for any labeling or tagging.
In physics and various fields of science, the term "structure function" can have different meanings depending on the context.
Thomson scattering is the elastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation, particularly light, by free charged particles, such as electrons. This phenomenon was first described by the British physicist J.J. Thomson in 1901. In Thomson scattering, the incident photons interact with the electrically charged particles, causing the particles to oscillate. As these charged particles oscillate, they re-radiate the incoming light in all directions, which results in a scattering effect.
Turbidimetry is an analytical technique used to measure the cloudiness or turbidity of a liquid caused by the presence of suspended particles. It involves the assessment of how much light is scattered by particles in the solution when a beam of light passes through it. The more particles present, the higher the turbidity, which results in a greater scattering of light.