Nuclear technology in Russia

Nuclear technology in Russia encompasses a wide range of applications and developments related to nuclear science, engineering, and applications. Russia has a long and significant history in nuclear technology, both for civilian and military purposes. Here are key aspects of nuclear technology in Russia: 1. **Nuclear Energy Production**: Russia is one of the leading countries in the world in terms of nuclear energy generation. The country operates several nuclear power plants, with the state-owned company Rosatom being the chief operator.

Russia has a number of companies involved in the nuclear industry, which encompass various aspects of nuclear energy production, nuclear research, fuel cycle services, and nuclear technology exports. Some of the key organizations in this sector include: 1. **Rosatom**: The State Atomic Energy Corporation of Russia, known as Rosatom, is the central entity in the Russian nuclear industry.

Atomenergoprom is a Russian state-owned corporation that is part of the larger state atomic energy corporation, Rosatom. Established in 2007, Atomenergoprom primarily focuses on the nuclear power sector, including the design, construction, and operation of nuclear power plants, as well as the manufacturing of nuclear fuel and related technologies. The corporation plays a crucial role in Russia's nuclear energy strategy, which includes the development of both domestic and international nuclear energy projects.

Nuclear power stations built in the Soviet Union were part of the country's extensive nuclear energy program, which started in the mid-20th century. The Soviet Union developed several types of reactors and built numerous nuclear power plants, many of which utilized the RBMK, VVER, and other reactor designs.

The Armenian Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP) is a key energy facility located near the town of Metsamor, Armenia. It has played a significant role in the country's energy production since it began operations in the 1970s.

The Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is a significant nuclear facility located in the Saratov Oblast of Russia, near the town of Balakovo. It is one of the largest nuclear power plants in the country and plays a crucial role in generating electricity for the region and beyond.

The Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station is a nuclear power facility located in Russia, near the city of Zarechny in the Sverdlovsk Oblast. It is notable for being one of the first nuclear power plants in the world to use fast breeder reactor technology, specifically the BN (Breeder Neutron) reactor design.

The Bilibino Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) is a nuclear power facility located in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of Russia, near the town of Bilibino. It is significant for being one of the few nuclear power plants in the Russian Far East and is notable for its use of low-powered reactors. ### Key Features: 1. **Reactor Type**: The plant originally consisted of four BN-600 reactors, which are small, light-water reactors.

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was a Soviet nuclear power facility located near the town of Pripyat, in northern Ukraine, approximately 130 kilometers (81 miles) north of Kyiv. It is best known for the catastrophic nuclear disaster that occurred on April 26, 1986, when reactor number four experienced a massive explosion due to a combination of design flaws and operator error during a late-night safety test.

The F-1 nuclear reactor refers to the first nuclear reactor built in France, known as the "Calder Hall" reactor, which became operational in 1956. This reactor was part of France's early efforts to develop nuclear energy for both civilian and military purposes. It's notable that the F-1 designation can sometimes also refer to specific experimental reactors or facilities used in various nuclear research and development efforts.

The Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) is a decommissioned nuclear power facility located in Ignalina, Lithuania. It was operational from the late 1980s until its closure in 2009. The plant had two RBMK (Reactor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalny, or High Power Channel-type Reactor) reactors, similar in design to those used at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.

The Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is a nuclear power facility located in the Tver Oblast region of Russia, near the town of Udomlya. It is named after Mikhail Kalinin, a prominent Soviet politician. The plant, commissioned in the late 1980s, consists of three reactor units, all of which are VVER (Water-Water Energetic Reactor) type reactors, which are a common design for Soviet-era nuclear reactors.

The Khmelnytskyi Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power facility located in Ukraine, specifically in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast. Construction of the plant began in the late 1970s, and it consists of two operational reactors, both of which are VVER-type (a Soviet-designed pressurized water reactor). The first reactor began operation in 1987, while the second was completed and began commercial operation in 2010.

The Kola Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power facility located in the Murmansk Oblast of Russia, near the city of Polyarnye Zori. It is situated in the northwestern part of the country, close to the border with Norway. The plant is one of the oldest nuclear power stations in Russia, having begun operation in the 1970s.

The Kursk Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power facility located near the city of Kursk in western Russia. It is part of the Russian nuclear energy sector and is operated by the state-owned company Rosenergoatom. The plant started operations in the 1970s, with its first reactor being commissioned in 1976.

The Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant, also known as the Leningrad NPP or LNPP, is a nuclear power facility located in Sosnovy Bor, Russia, near Saint Petersburg. It was commissioned in the 1970s and was one of the first nuclear power plants built in the Soviet Union. The plant originally consisted of four RBMK reactors, which are the same type as those used at Chernobyl.

The Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is a significant nuclear power facility located near the city of Novovoronezh in Russia. It is one of the key nuclear stations in the country and is operated by the state-owned corporation Rosenergoatom. Here are some key facts about the plant: 1. **History**: The original Novovoronezh NPP began operations in the 1960s, with the first reactor commissioned in 1964.

The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, known as the world's first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid, is located in Obninsk, Russia. Commissioned in 1954, it was a significant milestone in the development of nuclear energy, demonstrating the potential of nuclear fission for power generation. The plant had a thermal capacity of 50 MW and an electrical output of 5 MW.

The Rivne Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power facility located in the Rivne Oblast of Ukraine. It is one of the major nuclear power stations in the country and plays a significant role in Ukraine's energy production. The plant consists of multiple reactors, primarily of the VVER (Water-Water Energetic Reactor) type, which are a type of pressurized water reactor (PWR) designed and built by the Soviet Union. ### Key Features 1.

The Sibirskaya Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power station located in Russia, specifically in the Siberian region. As of my last update in October 2023, it is designed to generate electricity through nuclear fission and is part of Russia's broader energy strategy, which includes a significant reliance on nuclear power to meet energy demands. The plant typically incorporates modern safety systems and technologies aimed at ensuring safe operation and minimizing environmental impact.

The Smolensk Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power facility located near the city of Desnogorsk in the Smolensk Oblast of Russia. It is situated approximately 5 kilometers from the Smolensk reservoir and about 70 kilometers from the city of Smolensk. The plant primarily consists of two operating reactors, which are of the RBMK (Reaktor Bolshoy Moshchnosti Kanalny) type, the same reactor design used at the Chernobyl plant.

The South Ukraine Nuclear Power Plant (SUNPP) is a nuclear power facility located near the city of Yuzhnoukrainsk in Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. It is one of the major nuclear power plants in the country and consists of three operational reactors, all of which are VVER (Water-Water Energetic Reactor) types, specifically VVER-1000.

The Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) is the largest nuclear power plant in Europe and one of the largest in the world. It is located near the city of Enerhodar in southeastern Ukraine, on the banks of the Kakhovka Reservoir, which is part of the Dnieper River system.

Russia has several prominent nuclear research institutes that focus on various aspects of nuclear science, engineering, and technology. Some of the key nuclear research institutions include: 1. **Kurchatov Institute**: Founded in 1943, the Kurchatov Institute in Moscow is one of the leading nuclear research centers in Russia. It conducts research in nuclear physics, reactor design, and various applications of nuclear technology, including nuclear energy, medical applications, and materials science.

The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) is a prominent research institution located in Novosibirsk, Russia. It is part of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and is named after the physicist Arkady Budker, who was one of the pioneering figures in the field of nuclear and accelerator physics. Founded in 1957, the BINP is known for its research in various areas of physics, including nuclear physics, particle physics, and plasma physics.

The Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) is a prominent research institution located in Moscow, Russia. It focuses on theoretical and experimental physics, as its name suggests. Established in 1956, the institute has made significant contributions to various fields of physics, including particle physics, nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, and astrophysics.

The International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) is an intergovernmental organization established in 1992, primarily to promote science and technology cooperation among countries. It was originally created to redirect the scientific expertise of former Soviet Union scientists and engineers toward peaceful and productive purposes, particularly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The center aims to foster international collaboration in various research fields, including environmental science, biotechnology, nuclear safety, and other areas of scientific and technological development.

The Keldysh Research Center, named after the prominent Russian mathematician and physicist M. V. Keldysh, is an institution dedicated to advanced research in various fields such as applied mathematics, theoretical physics, and engineering. It focuses on interdisciplinary studies, often collaborating with other scientific institutions and universities. The center is known for its contributions to areas like quantum mechanics, plasma physics, nanotechnology, and mathematical modeling.

The Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics is a prominent research institute located in Chernogolovka, Russia. It was founded in 1965 and is named after the renowned physicist Lev Davidovich Landau, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1962 for his work on condensed matter physics. The institute focuses on a wide range of topics in theoretical physics, including areas such as condensed matter physics, statistical mechanics, quantum field theory, and many-body physics.

The Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI), officially known as the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is a prominent scientific research institution located in Moscow, Russia. Founded in 1934, it is named after the physicist Pavel Nikolaevich Lebedev, who was a significant figure in the development of physics in Russia.

The Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI), also known as Moscow State Power Engineering Institute (MSEI), is one of the leading technical universities in Russia, specializing in power engineering and related fields. Established in 1930, MPEI has a long history of educating specialists in electrical engineering, power engineering, and energy technology.

Russia has a number of companies and organizations involved in nuclear technology, spanning various fields such as nuclear power generation, nuclear fuel production, and nuclear research. Some of the key companies and organizations include: 1. **Rosatom State Corporation**: This is the central body responsible for overseeing nuclear energy and technology in Russia. Rosatom is involved in the construction of nuclear power plants, production of nuclear fuel, and development of nuclear technology for various applications.

Atomenergomash is a Russian company that specializes in the design and manufacturing of equipment for the nuclear and thermal power industries. It is part of the state-owned corporation Rosatom, which is responsible for the country's nuclear energy sector. Atomenergomash produces a variety of components, including reactors, turbines, and heat exchangers, and provides services related to the construction and operation of power plants.

Energomash is a Russian company primarily known for its role in the aerospace and defense sectors, specifically in the development and manufacture of rocket engines and propulsion systems. Founded in the post-World War II era, the company has a long history of producing engines for both space exploration and military applications. Energomash has been involved in various significant projects, including engines for the Soviet space program, the Russian space program, and international collaborations, such as those supporting launch vehicles like the Soyuz.

Izhorskiye Zavody, also known as Izhora Plant or Izhora Works, is a large industrial enterprise located in Russia, specifically in the Leningrad Oblast region near Saint Petersburg. Established in the 18th century, it has a long history of manufacturing various products. Traditionally, the plant has specialized in heavy engineering, producing machinery and equipment for a variety of sectors, including power generation, oil and gas, and shipbuilding.

Mayak, also known as "Mayak Production Association," is a significant nuclear facility in Russia that has historically been involved in the production of plutonium and other nuclear materials. It is located near the city of Chelyabinsk in the Ural Mountains. Established in the 1940s, Mayak played a crucial role in the Soviet Union's nuclear weapons program during the Cold War. The facility has been associated with various environmental and safety concerns, including several major accidents.

The Nakhodka Fertilizer Plant, located in Nakhodka, Russia, is a major facility for the production of fertilizers, particularly nitrogen-based products. The plant plays a significant role in the agricultural sector by providing essential nutrients for crops, thus contributing to food production. Historically, the plant has been involved in the manufacture of various types of fertilizers, including ammonium nitrate and urea, among others.

"Power Machines" can refer to different concepts depending on the context. Here are a few possible interpretations: 1. **Electromechanical Machines**: In engineering, "power machines" typically refer to devices that convert energy into usable mechanical power. This includes engines (like internal combustion engines), turbines (such as gas or steam turbines), and generators. These machines play crucial roles in various industries, from transportation to energy production.

United Heavy Machinery (UHM) is a Russian company that specializes in the design, manufacture, and supply of heavy machinery and equipment. Founded in the early 2000s, UHM operates in various sectors, including mining, construction, and transportation. The company is known for producing a range of heavy equipment, such as excavators, bulldozers, and other types of machinery used in large-scale industrial applications.

Rosatom, or the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom," is a government corporation in Russia that oversees the country's nuclear energy industry. Established in 2007, it is responsible for nuclear energy production, nuclear technology research, and the development and management of nuclear power plants both in Russia and internationally. Rosatom engages in various activities, including: 1. **Nuclear Power Generation**: Operating several nuclear power plants in Russia and planning new facilities.

ARMZ Uranium Holding Company, often referred to as ARMZ, is a Russian company primarily involved in the exploration and production of uranium. It plays a significant role in the global nuclear fuel market and is part of the larger state-owned enterprise Rosatom, which is the Russian government's corporation responsible for nuclear energy and technology. ARMZ's activities include the extraction of uranium from various mines, geological exploration, and the management of uranium resources.

Angarsk Electrochemical Combine (AEC) is a facility located in Angarsk, Siberia, Russia, known for its role in the nuclear fuel cycle, particularly in the enrichment of uranium and the production of nuclear fuel. It was established during the Soviet era and has been an important part of Russia's nuclear industry. AEC specializes in various processes related to nuclear materials, including the conversion of uranium, enrichment, and the production of fuel for nuclear reactors.

Chepetskiy Mechanical Plant, also known as Chepetsky Mechanical Plant JSC, is a Russian enterprise located in the town of Glazov in the Udmurt Republic. Established in the 1940s, the plant initially focused on manufacturing products for the defense industry, particularly in the field of nuclear materials processing and uranium enrichment.

FSUE Atomflot, or Federal State Unitary Enterprise Atomflot, is a Russian state-owned enterprise that operates the country's fleet of nuclear-powered icebreakers. It is part of the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation, which oversees Russia's nuclear activities, including nuclear power generation and construction, as well as the development and management of nuclear icebreakers.

The Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant (NCCP) is a facility located in Novosibirsk, Russia, primarily engaged in the production of nuclear fuel and related chemical products. It plays a significant role in the Russian nuclear industry, particularly in the processing of uranium and the production of nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants. The plant is part of Russia's larger nuclear industry framework, contributing to the development of nuclear technologies and the supply of fuel for reactors.

Rosenergoatom is a state-owned enterprise in Russia responsible for the operation and management of nuclear power plants in the country. It is a subsidiary of the Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation, Rosatom. Established to oversee the generation of nuclear energy in Russia, Rosenergoatom operates multiple nuclear power plants and is involved in various aspects of the nuclear energy sector, including the production of electricity, safety oversight, and the development of nuclear technology.

Sergey Kiriyenko is a prominent Russian politician and businessman. He has held various high-ranking positions in the Russian government and has played a significant role in the country's political landscape. Kiriyenko served as the Prime Minister of Russia briefly in 1998 during a period of economic turmoil. Following his tenure as Prime Minister, he has held various roles in government and business, including positions related to energy and technology.

TVEL is a Russian company that is part of the state atomic energy corporation, Rosatom. It specializes in the development, manufacturing, and supply of nuclear fuel for nuclear power plants. TVEL provides a range of nuclear fuel products, including fuel assemblies for various types of reactors, as well as services related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as enrichment and reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel.

The Ural Electrochemical Combine (UEC) is a facility located in Russia that specializes in the production of nuclear materials, primarily in connection with the country's nuclear energy and defense programs. Established in the 1940s and located in the city of Novouralsk, UEC has played a significant role in the enrichment of uranium and the production of isotopes for various applications, including medical and industrial uses.

Uranium One is a Canada-based uranium mining company that has been the subject of significant political controversy and conspiracy theories, particularly in the United States. Founded in 2007, the company became notable when it was acquired by the Russian state-controlled nuclear energy corporation Rosatom in a series of transactions that was completed in 2013. This acquisition gave Rosatom control of a significant portion of uranium production in the U.S. and around the world.

The Uranium One controversy refers to a political scandal involving the sale of Uranium One, a Canadian mining company, to Russian entities and the implications of this deal for U.S. national security. The transaction, which took place in 2010, became controversial due to concerns over foreign control of uranium production in the United States, as uranium is a critical resource for nuclear energy and weapons.

Vladimir Grachev could refer to different individuals, but one notable figure is a Russian military leader and politician, particularly known for his role in the post-Soviet era. He served as the Minister of Defense of Russia from 1992 to 1996 and played a significant role during a tumultuous time in the country's military history. He was involved in various military and political events during the transition from the Soviet Union to the Russian Federation.

The Zelenogorsk Electrochemical Plant, known in Russian as Зелёногорский электрохимический комбинат (ZEHK), is a significant industrial facility located in Zelenogorsk, Russia. It specializes in the production of various chemical and nuclear materials, particularly those relating to the nuclear industry, such as enriched uranium and other isotopes. Founded during the Soviet era, the plant has played a critical role in supporting Russia's nuclear energy program and defense capabilities.

Russian nuclear test sites are locations within Russia where nuclear weapons testing has been conducted. The most prominent of these sites is the **Semipalatinsk Test Site** (also known as the Semipalatinsk Polygon), located in Kazakhstan, which was used extensively during the Soviet era. Although Kazakhstan is now an independent country, it was part of the Soviet Union when these tests were conducted.

The Matochkin Strait is a waterway located in the Russian Arctic, separating the Novaya Zemlya archipelago into two main parts: Severny (Northern) Island to the west and Yuzhny (Southern) Island to the east. The strait connects the Barents Sea to the Kara Sea and serves as an important navigational route in the region. Its waters are characterized by polar conditions, with ice cover occurring for much of the year, making navigation challenging.

Mount Lazarev is a mountain located in Antarctica, specifically within the eastern part of the continent. It is situated in the Prince Charles Mountains, which are part of the larger Mac Robertson Land region. Mount Lazarev is notable for its elevation and prominent position in the area. Geographically, the mountain is an important landmark for scientific research and exploration in Antarctica.

Novaya Zemlya is an archipelago located in the Arctic Ocean in northern Russia. It is situated north of the Russian mainland, separating the Barents Sea to the west from the Kara Sea to the east. The archipelago consists of two main islands, Severny (Northern) and Yuzhny (Southern), along with numerous smaller islands. Novaya Zemlya is known for its remote and harsh Arctic climate, characterized by long, extremely cold winters and short, cool summers.

Sukhoy Nos is a cape located in the northeastern part of Lake Baikal in Russia. It is known for its picturesque landscapes and natural beauty. Sukhoy Nos is a popular spot for outdoor activities such as hiking, fishing, and photography, attracting nature enthusiasts and tourists. The area is part of the Baikal Nature Reserve, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site and is noted for its unique ecosystems and biodiversity.

The Totskoye nuclear exercise, officially known as the Totskoye exercise, refers to a series of military exercises conducted by the Soviet Union in the 1950s, specifically in 1954. One of the most notable aspects of the exercise was that it involved the detonation of an actual nuclear weapon as part of a combined arms operation. The exercise aimed to evaluate the effects of a nuclear explosion on military operations, troop movements, and equipment.

Amur Oblast is a federal subject of Russia, located in the Russian Far East. It is bordered by the Amur River to the east, which separates it from China. The capital city of Amur Oblast is Blagoveshchensk. The region is known for its extensive natural landscapes, which include forests, rivers, and mountains, and it has a diverse range of flora and fauna. Economically, Amur Oblast is involved in agriculture, forestry, and mining.

To check for articles about Amur Oblast that are missing geocoordinate data, you would typically use a platform like Wikipedia. You can search for topics or articles related to Amur Oblast and look for specific tags or categories that indicate missing geocoordinate information. On Wikipedia, articles that lack geocoordinate data might be tagged with a template indicating that they need geographical information.

Amur Oblast is a region located in the Russian Far East. It has a diverse geography that includes a mix of vast plains, mountains, rivers, and forests. Here are some key geographical features of Amur Oblast: 1. **Location**: Amur Oblast is situated in the southeastern part of Russia, bordered by the Amur River to the south, which separates it from China. It is part of the Far Eastern Federal District.

Amur Oblast, located in the Russian Far East, features a mix of historical, cultural, and architectural structures reflecting its diverse heritage and geographical significance. Some notable buildings and structures include: 1. **Blagoveshchensk**: The administrative center of Amur Oblast, Blagoveshchensk has several notable buildings, including the Transfiguration Cathedral and various Soviet-era architecture reflecting the city's historical development.

Amur Oblast, a region in the Russian Far East, is home to several companies, particularly in sectors such as manufacturing, agriculture, and natural resources. Some notable companies and industries in the region include: 1. **Mining and Natural Resources**: The Amur region is rich in minerals and has companies involved in mining operations, including gold and other minerals. 2. **Agriculture**: Due to its fertile land, agriculture plays a significant role in the local economy.

Amur Oblast, located in the Russian Far East, has a rich and diverse culture influenced by its history, geography, and the various ethnic groups that inhabit the region. Here are some key aspects of the culture of Amur Oblast: 1. **Ethnic Diversity**: The region is home to various ethnic groups, including Russians, Ukrainians, Buryats, Evenks, and others. This diversity is reflected in the local traditions, languages, and arts.

The flora of Amur Oblast, a region located in the Russian Far East, is characterized by a diverse range of plant species due to its varied climate and geographical features, which include mountains, rivers, and a mix of forest and steppe ecosystems. The region experiences a continental climate with distinct seasonal changes, affecting the types of vegetation found there.

Amur Oblast is a region located in the Russian Far East. It is bordered by several geographical features and encompasses a variety of landscapes. Here are some key aspects of the geography of Amur Oblast: 1. **Location**: Amur Oblast is situated in eastern Siberia, and it shares borders with China to the south. The Amur River, which forms part of the border with China, is a significant geographical feature of the region.

Amur Oblast is a region in the Russian Far East, established in 1932. Its history is closely tied to the broader context of Russian exploration, settlement, and administration in Siberia and the Far East. ### Pre-19th Century Before Russian exploration, the area was inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Nanai, Evenki, and others. The Amur River was a significant trade route, and the region was influenced by both Chinese and local indigenous cultures.

People from Amur Oblast, a region in the Russian Far East, are primarily ethnic Russians, but the area is also home to various indigenous groups and other ethnic communities. The region has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its history and geographical position. The capital of Amur Oblast is Blagoveshchensk, which is located on the banks of the Amur River, across from the Chinese city of Heihe.

Amur Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the far east of the country. The politics of Amur Oblast, like other regions in Russia, are characterized by a combination of local governance, regional interests, and influence from the federal government. 1. **Governance Structure**: The political structure of Amur Oblast includes a governor, who is the head of the region, and the Legislative Assembly, which is responsible for regional laws and regulations.

Amur Oblast, located in the Russian Far East, has a diverse sporting culture that includes a variety of activities and sports. The region has facilities and teams for several sports, with ice hockey, football (soccer), and basketball being particularly popular. In addition to team sports, the region is also known for outdoor activities that take advantage of its natural landscapes, such as hiking, fishing, and winter sports like skiing and snowboarding.

Amur Oblast, located in the far eastern part of Russia, offers a variety of attractions that highlight its natural beauty and cultural heritage. Here are some notable tourist attractions in the region: 1. **Blagoveshchensk**: The capital city of Amur Oblast, Blagoveshchensk is situated on the banks of the Amur River and offers museums, theaters, and parks. The city has a picturesque riverside and a vibrant cultural scene.

Transport in Amur Oblast, a region in the Russian Far East, includes a variety of transportation modes that facilitate movement within the region and connect it to other parts of Russia and neighboring countries. Here are some key aspects of transport in Amur Oblast: 1. **Road Transport**: Amur Oblast has a network of roads that connects its cities and rural areas.

Amur Oblast, a region in the Russian Far East, is divided into several administrative divisions. As of my last update, it comprises: 1. **Districts (Raions)**: Amur Oblast has several districts, which are the primary administrative subdivisions within the oblast.

As of my last update in October 2023, "Aleksandr Surat" does not appear to refer to a widely recognized individual, concept, or topic. It's possible that it could be a name of an emerging public figure, a character from a work of fiction, or a term that has gained relevance after my last update.

The flag of Amur Oblast, a region in Russia, features a design that typically consists of a blue field with a white horizontal edge at the top. In the center, there is a stylized representation of a golden lion or a similar symbol, which is often used to represent the region's heritage and natural beauty. The exact design may vary, but the colors and the lion symbol are consistent elements associated with the flag.

The Federal Agency on Atomic Energy, known in Russian as "Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии 'Росатом'" (State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom"), is the governmental body responsible for nuclear energy and nuclear technology in Russia. Established in 2007, it replaced the former Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy (Minatom).

Landysh is a traditional Russian dessert that originates from Tatar cuisine. It is primarily made from beetroot, which gives it a distinctive color. The dessert can include various ingredients, such as flour, sugar, and sometimes nuts or dried fruits, and is often flavored with spices. The name "Landysh" is also associated with a type of soft gingerbread, and the dessert can be made in various regional variations.

Novouralsk is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. It is located near the Ural Mountains and is known for its industrial activities. The town was established in the mid-20th century, particularly during the period of Soviet industrialization, and it has developed around various industries, including those related to metallurgy and chemical production.

The Siberian Chemical Combine (SCC) is a large industrial facility located in the Russian city of Seversk, Tomsk Oblast. It was established in the late 1940s and has played a significant role in the Soviet and later Russian nuclear industry. The facility is primarily involved in the production of nuclear fuel, including uranium enrichment and the production of plutonium.

VBER-300, or the "VBER 300" (Russian: ВБЕР-300), is a type of anti-ship cruise missile developed by Russia. It is designed to be launched from various platforms and is capable of engaging naval targets at considerable distances. The missile is known for its high speed, flight maneuverability, and ability to evade radar detection, making it a formidable weapon in modern naval warfare.