A quantum vortex refers to a phenomenon observed in quantum fluids, particularly in superfluid helium and Bose-Einstein condensates. In these systems, the behavior of atoms and particles can exhibit surprising properties that are not seen in classical fluids. ### Key Features of Quantum Vortices: 1. **Quantized Vorticity**: Unlike classical vortices, which can have a continuous range of vorticity values, quantum vortices are characterized by quantized circulation.
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A quantum vortex has integer winding number of a condensate's complex argument. For atomic mass , its superfluid velocity gives circulation for integer . A straight vortex has a density-depleted core and, outside it, tangential velocity . Its long-range flow energy is proportional to , while its angular momentum has the sign of .